ORGANON (Gr. 6pyavov,

See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument, from Epyov,

See also:

• WORK

work)  , the name given to Aristotle's logical treatises . They are so called because logic is itself neither a speculative science nor a practical art in the ordinary sense, but an aid or instrument to all scientific thought . Francis Bacon, regarding the Aristotelian logic as he understood it as of no avail, gave to his own treatise the name Novum Organum in the belief that he had discovered a new inductive logic which would lead necessarily to the acquisition of new scientific knowledge . Compare also Whewell's Novum Organism Renovatum and Lambert's Neues Organon . In medieval music the term was applied in a similar sense to early attempts at improvised counterpoint i.e. a part sung as an accompaniment above or below the melody or plain-song; it consisted of 8ths and 5ths (or 4ths) added to the plainsong .