ORISSA  , a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal, consisting of a See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division and twenty-four tributary states . The See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital is See also:

• CUTTACK

Cuttack; and See also:

• PURI, or JAGANNATH

Puri, with its See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Jagannath, is See also:

• WORLD

world-famous . Orissa differs from the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of Bengal in being under a temporary See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue . A new settlement for a See also:

• TERM

term of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years was concluded in 1900, estimated to raise the See also:

• TOTAL

total land revenue by more than one See also:

• HALF

half; the greater See also:

• PART

part of this increase being levied gradually during the first eleven years of the term . To obviate destructive inundations and famines, the Orissa See also:

• SYSTEM

system of canals has been constructed, with a capital outlay of nearly two millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling.(See See also:

• MAHANADI, or MAHANUDDY (" The Great River ")

MAHANADI) . The See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province is traversed by the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast railway, which was opened .throughout from See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta to See also:

• MADRAS

Madras in 1901 . The DIVISION OP ORISSA consists of the five districts of Cuttack, Puri, See also:

• BALASORE

Balasore, Sambolpur and the forfeited See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Angul . Total See also:

• AREA

area 13,770 sq. m.; pop . (1901) 5,003,121, showing an increase of 7% in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . According to the See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census of r9or the total number of persons in all India speaking See also:

• ORIYA (properly Oriyd)

Oriya was more than 92 millions, showing that the linguistic area (extending into Madras and the Central Provinces) is much larger than the See also:

• POLITICAL

political province . The whole of Orissa is See also:

• HOLY

holy ground . On the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• BANK

bank of the Baitarani See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine rises after shrine in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• SIVA

Siva, the All-Destroyer .

On leaving the stream the See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim enters See also:

• JAJPUR, or JAJPORE

Jajpur, literally the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice, the headquarters of the region of See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage sacred to the wife of the All-Destroyer . There is not a fiscal division in Orissa without its community of See also:

• CENOBITES (from Gr. wale's, common, and f3ios, life)

cenobites, scarcely a See also:

• VILLAGE

village without consecrated lands, and not a single See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FAMILY

family that has not devoted its best acres to the gods . Every See also:

• TOWN

town is filled with temples, and every See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet has its shrine . The See also:

• NATIONAL

national reverence of the See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus for holy places has been for ages concentrated on Puri, sacred to See also:

• VISHNU (Sanskrit, " the worker," from root vish, "to work ")

Vishnu under his See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Jagannath, the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord of the World . Besides its copious See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of high See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood, Orissa has an See also:

• AVERAGE

average rainfall of 622 in. per annum . Nevertheless, the uncontrolled state of the water-supply has subjected the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country from time immemorial to droughts no less than to inundation . Thus the terrible See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine of 1865-1866, which swept away one-See also:

• FOURTH

fourth of the entire See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, was followed in 1866 by a flood which destroyed crops to the value of £3,000,000 . Since then much has been done by See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to See also:

• HUSBAND

husband the abundant water-supply . The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Orissa (Odra-desa), as recorded in the archives of the temple-of Jagannath, is largely mythical . A See also:

• BLANK (from the Fr. blanc, white)

blank in the records from about 50 B.C. to A.D . 319 corresponds to a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of Yavana occupation and Buddhist See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, during which the numerous See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock monasteries of Orissa were excavated . The founder of the Kesari or See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, which ruled from A.D .

474 to 1132, is said to have restored the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of Jagannath, and under this See also:

• LINE

line the See also:

• GREAT

great Sivaite temple at Bhuvaneswar was constructed . In 1132 a new line (the Gajapati dynasty) succeeded, and Vishnu took the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of Siva in the royal worship . This dynasty was extinguished in 1532-1534, and in 1578, after half a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, Orissa became a province of the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . It nominally passed to the British in 1765, by the Diwani See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of Bengal, Bhar and Orissa; but at that time it was occupied by the Mahratta See also:

• RAJA

raja of See also:

• NAGPUR

Nagpur, from whom it was finally conquered in 1803 . The TRIBUTARY STATES OF ORISSA, known also as the Tributary Mahals, or the Garhjats, occupy the hills between the British districts and the Central Provinces . The most important are Mayurbhanj, See also:

• KEONJHAR

Keonjhar, Dhenkanal, Baud and See also:

• NAYAGARH

Nayagarh . In 1905 five Oriya-speaking states (See also:

• BAMRA

Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonpur, See also:

• PATNA

Patna and See also:

• KALAHANDI (formerly KAROND)

Kalahandi) were added from the Central Provinces and two (See also:

• GANGPUR

Gangpur and Bonai) from the See also:

• CHOTA (or CHUTIA) NAGPUR

Chota Nagpur states . This made the total area 28,046 sq. m. and the pop . (19o1) 3,173,395 . Up to the See also:

• YEAR

year 1888 some doubt existed as to the actual position of the Tributary states of Orissa; but in that year the secretary of state accepted the view that they did not See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form part of British India, and modified See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were handed over to the Orissa chiefs under the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of a See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent . See See also:

• SIR

Sir W . W .

See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

Hunter, Orissa (1872) .