See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• EARL OF ORKNEY
• ORKNEY, ELIZABETH HAMILTON, COUNTESS OF
• ORKNEY, GEORGE HAMILTON, EARL OF (1666–1737)

ORKNEY  , a Scottish See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title held at different periods by various families, including its See also:

• PRESENT

present possessors the Fitzmaurices . The See also:

• ORKNEY, EARL OF
• ORKNEY, ELIZABETH HAMILTON, COUNTESS OF
• ORKNEY, GEORGE HAMILTON, EARL OF (1666–1737)

Orkney Islands (q.v.) were ruled by jarls or earls under the supremacy of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway from very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times to about 136o, many of these jarls being also earls of See also:

• CAITHNESS

Caithness under the supremacy of the Scottish kings . Perhaps the most prominent of them were a certain See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul (d . 1099) who assisted the See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• HARALD

Harald III . Haardraada, when he invaded See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1o66; and his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson Paul the Silent, who built, at least in See also:

• PART

part, the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus at See also:

• KIRKWALL (Norse, Kirkjuvagr, " church bay ")

Kirkwall . They were related to the royal families of•See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and Norway . In its more See also:

• MODERN

modern sense the earldom See also:

• DATES

dates from about 138o, and the first See also:

• FAMILY

family to hold it was that of See also:

• SINCLAIR
• SINCLAIR, SIR JOHN, BART

Sinclair, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Sinclair (d. c . 1400) of Roslin, near See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, being recognized as See also:

• EARL

earl by the king of Norway . Sir Henry was the son of Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Sinclair, who was killed by the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens whilst accompanying Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas, the See also:

• BEARER

bearer of the See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce's See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, to See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine in 1330, and on the maternal See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side was the grandson of Malise, who called himself earl of Strathearn, Caithness and Orkney . He ruled the islands almost like a king, and employed in his service the Venetian travellers Nicolo and See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio See also:

• ZENO

Zeno . His son Henry (d . 1418) was See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of Scotland and was taken prisoner by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English in 1406, together with See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince James, afterwards King James I.; his grandson William, the 3rd earl (c .

1404–1480), was See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of Scotland and took some part in public affairs . In 1455 William was created earl of Caithness, and in 1470 he resigned his earldom of Orkney to James III. of Scotland, who had just acquired the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of these islands through his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, daughter of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian I., king of See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark and Norway . In 1567 See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover, James See also:

• HEPBURN, SIR JOHN (c. 1598-1636)

Hepburn, earl of See also:

• BOTHWELL
• BOTHWELL, JAMES HEPBURN, 4TH EARL OF

Bothwell, was created See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Orkney, and in 1581 her See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart (d . 1592), an illegitimate son of James V., was made earl of Orkney . Robert, who was See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of Holyrood, joined the party of the reformers and was afterwards one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal enemies of the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent See also:

• MORTON, JAMES DOUGLAS, 4TH EARL OF (c. 1525-1581)
• MORTON, JOHN (c. 1420-1500)
• MORTON, JOHN MADDISON (1811-1891)
• MORTON, LEVI PARSONS (1824- )
• MORTON, OLIVER PERRY (1823-1877)
• MORTON, THOMAS (1564-1659)
• MORTON, THOMAS (c. 1590-1646)

Morton . His son See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick acted in a very arbitrary manner in the Orkneys, where he set the royal authority at See also:

• DEFIANCE

defiance; in 1609 he was seized and imprisoned, and, after his See also:

• BASTARD (O. Fr. bastard, mod. bdtard = fits de bast, "pack-saddle child," from bast, saddle)

bastard son Robert had suffered See also:

• DEATH

death for heading a See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, he himself was executed in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1614, when his honours and estates were forfeited . In 1696 See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton was created earl of Orkney (see below) . He married See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• VILLIERS, CHARLES PELHAM (1802-1898)

Villiers (see below), and he was succeeded by his daughter See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne (d . 1756), the wife of William O'Brien, 4th earl of See also:

• INCHIQUIN, MURROUGH

Inchiquin . Anne's daughter Mary (e . 1721—1791) and her granddaughter Mary (1755–1831) were both countesses of Orkney in their own right; the younger Mary married See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Fitzmaurice (1742–1793), son of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

Petty, earl of Shelburne, and was succeeded in the title by her grandson, Thomas John Hamilton Fitzmaurice (1803–1877), whose descendants still hold the earldom .