See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS PHILIPPE See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

ORLEANS  , DI=E of (1747—1793), called PHILIPPE EGALITE, son of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, and of See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise Henriette of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon-See also:

• CONTI, NICOLO
• CONTI, PRINCES OF

Conti, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

Cloud on the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1747 . Having See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of duke of See also:

• MONTPENSIER, ANNE MARIE LOUISE
• MONTPENSIER, COUNTS AND DUKES OF

Montpensier until his grandfather's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1752, he became duke of See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres, and in 1769 married Louise See also:

• MARIE

Marie See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

Adelaide de Bourbon-Penthievre, daughter and heiress of the duke of Penthievre, See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and the richest heiress of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . Her See also:

• WEALTH

wealth made it certain that he would be the richest See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man in France, and he determined to See also:

• PLAY

play a See also:

• PART

part equal to that of his See also:

• GREAT

great-grandfather, the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent, whom he resembled in See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and debauchery . As duke of Chartres he opposed the plans of See also:

• MAUPEOU, RENE NICOLAS CHARLES AUGUSTIN (1714-1792)

Maupeou in 1771, and was promptly exiled to his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of Villers-Cotterets (See also:

• AISNE

Aisne) . When Louis XVI. came to the See also:

• THRONE

throne in 1774 Chartres still found himself looked on coldly at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court; Marie Antoinette hated him, and envied him for his wealth, wit and freedom from See also:

• ETIQUETTE

etiquette, and he was not slow to return her hatred with scorn . In 1778 he served in the See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron of D'Orvilliers, and was See also:

• PRESENT

present in the See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• USHANT (Fr. Ouessant)

Ushant on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1778 . He hoped to see further service, but the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen was opposed to this, and he was removed from the See also:

• NAVY

navy, and given the honorary See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of hussars . He then abandoned himself to See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure; he often visited See also:

• LONDON

London, and became an intimate friend of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales (afterwards See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV.); he brought to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris the " anglo-See also:

• MANIA

mania," as it was called, and made jockeys as fashionable as they were in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . He also made himself very popular in Paris by his large gifts to the poor in time of See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine, and by throwing open the gardens of the Palais Royal to the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . Before the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the notables in 1787 he had succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father as duke of Orleans, and showed his liberal ideas, which were largely learnt in England, so boldly that he was believed to be aiming at becoming constitutional See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November he again showed his liberalism in the lit de See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, which Brienne had made the king hold, and was again exiled to Villers-Cotterets . The approaching See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

convocation of the states-general made his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends very active on his behalf; he circulated in every bailliage the See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets which F .

J . Sieyes had See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up at his See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request, and was elected in three—by the noblesse of Paris, • Villers-Cotterets and Crepy-en-See also:

• VALOIS, COUNTS AND DUKES OF
• VALOIS, HENRI DE [VALESIUS] (1603-1676)

Valois . In the estate of the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility he headed the liberal minority under the guidance of Adrien See also:

• DUPORT, ADRIEN (1759-1798)
• DUPORT, JAMES (1606-1679)

Duport, and led the minority of See also:

• FORTY

forty-seven noblemen who seceded from their own estate (See also:

• JUNE

June 1789) and joined the Tiers Etat . The part he played during the summer of 1789 is one of the most debated points in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the Revolution . The court accused him of being at the bottom of every popular See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement, and saw the " See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold of Orleans " as the cause of the Reveillon See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot and the taking-of the See also:

• BASTILLE (from Fr. bastir, now bdtir, to build)

Bastille, as the republicans later saw the " gold of See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt " in every germ of opposition to themselves . There can be no doubt that he hated the queen, and bitterly resented his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long disgrace at court, and also that he sincerely wished for a thorough reform of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of some such constitution as that of England; and no doubt such friends as Adrien Duport and Choderlos de Laclos, for their own reasons, wished to see him king of France . The best testimony for the behaviour of Orleans during this summer is the testimony of an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, Mrs See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

Grace Dalrymple See also:

• ELLIOTT, EBENEZER (1781–1849)

Elliott, who shared his See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart with the comtesse de See also:

• BUFFON, GEORGE LOUIS LECLERC, COMTE DE (1707-1788)

Buffon, and from which it is absolutely certain that at the time of the riot of the r 2th of July he was on a fishing excursion, and was rudely treated by the king on the next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day when going to offer him his services . He indeed became so disgusted with the false position of a pretender to the See also:

• CROWN

crown, into which he was being forced, that he wished to go to See also:

• AMERICA

America, but, as the comtesse de Buffon would not go with him, he decided to remain in Paris . He was again accused, unjustly, of having caused the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march of the See also:

• WOMEN

women to See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles on the 5th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October . La Fayette, jealous of his popularity, persuaded the king to send the duke to England on a See also:

• MISSION

mission, and thus get him out of France, and he accordingly remained in England from October 1789 to July 1790 . On the 7th of July he took his seat in the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, and on the 2nd of October both he and See also:

• MIRABEAU, ANDRE BONIFACE LOUIS RIQUETI, VICOMTE DE (1754-1792)
• MIRABEAU, HONORS GABRIEL RIQUETI, COMTE DE (1749-1791)
• MIRABEAU, VICTOR RIQUETI, MARQUIS DE (1715-1789)

Mirabeau were declared by the Assembly entirely See also:

• FREE

free of any complicity in the events of October .