FELICE See also:

• ORSINI
• FELICE ORSINI (1819-1858)

ORSINI (1819-1858)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian revolutionist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Meldola in Romagna . He was destined for an ecclesiastical career, but he soon abandoned that prospect, and became an ardent liberal, joining the Giovane Italia, a society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini . Implicated together with his See also:

• FATHER

father in revolutionary plots, he was arrested in 1844 and condemned toimprisonment for See also:

• LIFE

life . The new See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, See also:

• PIUS

Pius IX., however, set him See also:

• FREE

free, and he led a See also:

• COMPANY

company of See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Romagnols in the first See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of Italian See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence (1848), distinguishing himself in the engagements at Treviso and See also:

• VICENZA

Vicenza . He was elected member of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly in 1849, and after the fall of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic he conspired against the papal See also:

• AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)

autocracy once more in the See also:

• INTEREST

interest of the Mazzinian party . Mazzini sent him on a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, but he was arrested in 1854 and imprisoned at See also:

• MANTUA (Ital. Mantova)

Mantua, escaping a few months later . In 1857 he published an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison experiences in See also:

• ENGLISH

English under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian Dungeons in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, which led to a rupture between him and Mazzini . He then entered into negotiations with Ausonio Franchi, editor of the Ragione of See also:

• TURIN

Turin, which he proposed to make the See also:

• ORGAN

organ of the pure republicans . But having become convinced that See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon III. was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief obstacle to Italian independence and the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal cause of the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-liberal reaction throughout See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, he went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1857 to conspire against him . On the evening of the 14th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1858, while the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor and empress were on their way to the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, See also:

• ORSINI
• ORSINI, FELICE (1819-1858)

Orsini and his accomplices threw three bombs at the imperial See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage . The intended victims were unhurt, but several other persons were killed or wounded . Orsini himself was wounded, and at once arrested; on the 11th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February he wrote his famous See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to Napoleon, in which he exhorted him to take up the cause of Italian freedom .

He addressed another letter to the youth of Italy, stigmatizing See also:

• POLITICAL

political assassination . He was condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death and executed on the 13th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1858, See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting his See also:

• FATE

fate with See also:

• GREAT

great calmness and bravery . Of his accomplices Pieri also was executed, Rudio was condemned to death but obtained a See also:

• COMMUTATION (from Lat. commutare, to change)

commutation of See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence, and See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

Gomez was condemned to hard labour for life . The importance of Orsini's See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt lies in the fact that it terrified Napoleon, who came to believe that unless he took up the Italian cause other attempts would follow and that sooner or later he would be assassinated . This fear contributed not a little to the emperor's subsequent Italian policy .