OSH  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• TURKESTAN
• TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

Turkestan, in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• FERGHANA, or FERGANA

Ferghana, 31 m . S.E. of See also:

• ANDIJAN

Andijan railway See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus, at an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of 4030 ft . Pop . (19oo) 37,397 . It consists of two parts, native and Russian . Here begins a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good road up to the See also:

• PAMIRS

Pamirs, practicable for See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery . The See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with See also:

• CHINA

China is considerable . O'SHANASSY, See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN (1818-1883), See also:

• BRITISH

British colonial states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1818 at Holycross See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey, near See also:

• THURLES

Thurles, See also:

• TIPPERARY

Tipperary, his See also:

• FATHER

father being a See also:

• LAND

land surveyor . He married in 1839, and the same See also:

• YEAR

year emigrated to the See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• PHILLIP, JOHN (1817-1867)

Phillip See also:

• DISTRICT

district of New See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, where he was for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time engaged in farming, and subsequently commenced business in See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne . Dr Geoghegan, afterwards See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

Adelaide, induced him to take See also:

• PART

part in public affairs . He was one of the founders, and later the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, of the St See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick's Society of Melbourne, and represented the Roman Catholic See also:

• BODY

body on the denominational See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• EDUCATION

education . When Port Phillip was separated from New South Wales in 1851 and became the See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria, O'Shanassy was returned to the Legislative See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council as one of the members for Melbourne .

A few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks after the new colony began its See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent existence See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold was discovered, and the See also:

• LOCAL

local government had to solve a number of difficult problems . The legislature was composed partly of elected representatives, and partly of nominees appointed by the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor in council . The See also:

• GREAT

great natural ability of O'Shanassy forced him to the front, and for some time the policy of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was virtually shaped by him and by Mr (afterwards Sir) W . F . See also:

• STAWELL
• STAWELL, SIR WILLIAM FOSTER (1815–188g)

Stawell, the See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . It was very much owing to the strong position taken by O'Shanassy that the Legislative Council was allowed to See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control not only the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue raised by See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation, but also the territorial revenue derived from the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale and occupation of See also:

• CROWN

crown lands . From that date the Legislative Council, led by O'Shanassy, became virtually supreme . After the See also:

• BALLARAT [BALLAARAT]

Ballarat riots in 1854, O'Shanassy was one of the members of a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission appointed to inquire into the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the gold-See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields . The commission's See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report was the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the See also:

• MINING

mining legislation which, initiated in Victoria, was gradually followed by all the Australasian colonies . O'Shanassy, together with Sir See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke, was one of the framers of the responsible government constitution . Under this constitution O'Shanassy was returned in 1856 to the Legislative See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly for Melbourne and Kilmore, but took his seat for the latter See also:

• CONSTITUENCY (from " constituent," that which forms a necessary part of a thing; Lat. constituere, to create)

constituency . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in 1857 the Haines See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry, the first formed after the concession of responsible government, was defeated, and O'Shanassy formed a ministry of which he became the premier .

But he was defeated after holding See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for little more than six weeks . He returned to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in 1858 as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief secretary and premier . One of the first duties of the new ministry was to inaugurate the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, and to raise the necessary funds for their construction . O'Shanassy decided to See also:

• FLOAT (in O. Eng. floc and flota, in the verbal form f eotan; the Teutonic root is flut-, another form of flu-, seen in " flow," cf. " fleet "; the root is seen in Gr. a-M e, to sail, Lat. pluere, to rain; the Lat, fluere and fluctus, wave, is not connect

float a See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan of eight millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling through the instrumentality of six of the Melbourne See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks, and he began the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of borrowings by the Australian governments which subsequently attained such large proportions . In 1859 the ministry resigned, but in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1861 O'Shanassy formed his third See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . During the two years that it held office the government passed an Education, a Local government, a See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Service and a Land See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act . The See also:

• OBJECT

object of this last act was to abolish the system of selling the crown lands by See also:

• AUCTION

auction, and to substitute another which insisted rather upon See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence and cultivation than upon obtaining the highest possible See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price . The act did not carry out all the intentions of its framers, but it was a step in the right direction . The O'Shanassy government was defeated in See also:

• JUNE

June 1863, and its chief never again succeeded in regaining office . He did not stand at the general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of 1866, and paid a visit to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . In 1867 he returned to Victoria, and was elected to the Legislative Council . In 1870 he was created C.M.G., and in 1874 K.C.M.G .

In the latter year he resigned his seat in the council, and did not re-enter public See also:

• LIFE

life until 1877, when he was returned to the Assembly for See also:

• BELFAST

Belfast . His strongly expressed Conservative opinions and his devotion to the interests of the Roman Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church impaired his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the legislature, which had become extremely democratic during the eleven years that he had been absent from it; and although Sir John was a fearless critic of the policy of the government, he never succeeded in defeating it . He had a singularly comprehensive grasp of all constitutional questions, was an eloquent See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker and an ardent See also:

• FREE

free-trader . He retired from See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 188o, and died in 1883 . O'SHAUGHNESSY, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

ARTHUR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

EDGAR (1844-1881), See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, was born in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 14th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1844, and at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventeen obtained through the first See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• LYTTON, EDWARD GEORGE EARLE LYTTON, BULWERLYTTON, 1ST BARON (1803-1873)
• LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT

Lytton, who took a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• INTEREST

interest in him, the See also:

• POST

post of transcriber in the library of the British Museum . Two years later he was appointed to be an assistant in the natural See also:

• HISTORY

history See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, where he specialized in See also:

• ICHTHYOLOGY (from Gr. LxObs, fish, and Xoyos, doctrine or treatise)

ichthyology . But his natural See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent was towards literature . He published his Epic of See also:

• WOMEN

Women in 1870, See also:

• LAYS

Lays of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, a free version of the Lais of See also:

• MARIE

Marie de France, in 1872, and See also:

• MUSIC

Music and Moonlight in 1874 . In his thirtieth year he married a daughter of John Westland See also:

• MARSTON, JOHN (c. 1575-1634)
• MARSTON, PHILIP BOURKE (1850-1887)

Marston, and during the last seven years of his life printed no See also:

• VOLUME

volume of See also:

• POETRY

poetry . Songs of a Worker was published posthumously in 1881, O'Shaughnessy dying on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January in that year from the effects of a chill upon a delicate constitution . O'Shaughnessy was a true See also:

• SINGER, SIMEON (1846-1906)

singer; but his poems lack importance in theme and dignity in thought . His melodies are often magnificent; and, as in The See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

Fountain of Tears, the richness of his imagery conceals a certain vagueness and indecision of the creative See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty .

He was very felicitous in bold uses of repetition and See also:

• ECHO (Gr. I'Xw)

echo, by which he secured effects which for haunting See also:

• MELODY (Gr. ,ueXw3ia, a choral song, from name, tune, and gi6i, song)

melody are almost inimitable . His spirit is that of a mild See also:

• MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy, drifting helplessly through the realities of life and spending itself in See also:

• SONG

song .