See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

OSTEND See also:

• COMPANY

COMPANY  . The success of the Dutch, See also:

• ENGLISH

English and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India Companies led the merchants and shipowners of See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

Ostend to See also:

• DESIRE

desire to establish See also:

• DIRECT

direct commercial relations with the Indies . A private See also:

• COMPANY

company was accordingly formed in 1717 and some See also:

• SHIPS

ships sent to the East . The See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI. encouraged his subjects to raise subscriptions for the new enterprise, but did not See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter or letters patent . Some . success attended these See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early efforts, but the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of the neighbouring nations was shown by the seizure of an Ostend, merchantman with its See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo by the Dutch in 17r9 off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and of another by the English near See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar . The Ostenders, however, despite these losses, persevered in their project . The opposition of the Dutch made Charles VI. hesitate for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to grant their See also:

• REQUESTS, COURT OF

requests, but on the 19th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1722 letters patent were granted by which the company of Ostend received for the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of trading in the East and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies and along the coasts of Africa on this See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side and on that of the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope . Six See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors were nominated by the emperor, and subscriptions to the company flowed in so rapidly that the shares were at the end of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1723 at 12 to 15% See also:

• PREMIUM (Lat. praemium, profit, reward, prae+emere, to buy)

premium . Two factories were established, one at Coblom on the coast of Coromandel near See also:

• MADRAS

Madras, the other at Bankibazar on the See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges . At the outset the prospects of the company appeared to be most encouraging, but its promoters had not reckoned with the jealousy and hostility of the Dutch and English . The Dutch appealed to the treaty of See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia (1648) by which the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain had prohibited the inhabitants of the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands from trading with the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish colonies . The transference of the southern Netherlands to See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria by the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht (1713) did not, said the Dutch, remove this See also:

• DISABILITY

disability .

The Spanish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, however, after some hesitation concluded a treaty of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce with Austria and recognized the company of Ostend . The reply to this was a defensive See also:

• LEAGUE

league concluded at Herrenhausen in 1725 by See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, the See also:

• UNITED

United Provinces and See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . ' Confronted with such formidable opposition the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna judged it best to yield . By the terms of a treaty signed at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 31st of May 1727 the emperor suspended the charter of the company for sew % years, and the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers in return guaranteed the Pragmatic See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

Sanction . The company, after nominally existing for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time in this See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of suspended animation, became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . The See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian Netherlands were condemned to remain excluded from maritime commerce with the Indies until their See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union with See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland in 1815 . (G .