PEDRO TELLEZ GIRON See also:

• OSUNA
• PEDRO TELLEZ GIRON OSUNA

OSUNA  , 3rd See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of (1575-1624), See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily and See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• OSUNA
• OSUNA, PEDRO TELLEZ GIRON

Osuna, and baptized on the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1575 . He was the son of Juan Tellez Giron, the 2nd duke, and of his wife See also:

• ANA

Ana Maria de Velasco, a daughter of the See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile . When a boy he accompanied his grandfather, the 1st duke, to Naples, where he was viceroy . He saw service at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fourteen with the troops sent by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. to put down a revolt in See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, and was married while still See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young to Dona Catarina Enriquez de See also:

• RIBERA, GIUSEPPE (1588-1656)

Ribera, a See also:

• GRAND

grand-daughter on her See also:

• MOTHER

mother's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Hernan See also:

• CORTES
• CORTES, HERNAN

Cortes, the conqueror of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . In 1598 he inherited the dukedom . Before and after his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage he was known for the reckless dissipation of his See also:

• LIFE

life . The scandals to which his excesses gave rise led to his imprisonment at Arevalo in 1600 . This See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp See also:

• LESSON (through Fr. lecon from Lat. lectio, reading; legere, to read)

lesson had a wholesome effect on the duke, and in the same See also:

• YEAR

year he See also:

• LEFT

left for See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, with a See also:

• BODY

body of soldiers raised at his own expense . His See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in Flanders as a See also:

• GRANDEE (Span. Grande)

grandee with a following of his own caused some embarrassment to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• OFFICERS

officers . But Osuna displayed unexpected docility and See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good sense in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . He was content to serve as a subordinate, and took a full See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of See also:

• WORK

work and fighting both by See also:

• LAND

land and See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . When See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was made with See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1604 he is said to have visited See also:

• LONDON

London .

He is said also to have paid a visit to See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland during the See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice arranged to allow of the negotiations for the twelve years' truce of 1609; but, as he was back in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain by that year, he cannot have seen much of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . His services had purged his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early offences, and he had been decorated with the Goldej Fleece . On the 18th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 16ro he was named viceroy of Sicily, and he took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of his See also:

• POST

post at Melazzo on the 9th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1611 . In 1616 he was promoted to the viceroyalty of Naples, and held the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office till he was recalled on the 28th of March 162o . The See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Osuna in both provinces was vigorous and just . During his Sicilian viceroyalty he organized a good See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron of galleys with which he freed the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time from the raids of the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan pirates of the See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary States and the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant . After his See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer to Naples Osuna continued his energetic See also:

• WARS

wars with the pirates, but he became concerned in some of the most obscure See also:

• POLITICAL

political intrigues of the time . He entered into a policy of unmeasured hostility to See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, which he openly attacked in the Adriatic . The princes of the Spanish See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Habsburgs were at all times anxious to secure safe communication with the- See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German possessions of their See also:

• FAMILY

family . Hence their anxiety to dominate all See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and secure possession of the Alpine passes . It would have suited them very well if they could have reduced Venice to the same See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• SERVITUDE (Lat. servitus, from service, to serve)

servitude as See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa . Osuna threw himself into this policy with a whole See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart .

There can be no reasonable doubt that he was engaged with the Spanish See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, and the viceroy of See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, in the mysterious See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy against Venice in 1618 . As usual, the Spanish government had miscalculated its resources, and was compelled to draw back . It then found extreme difficulty in controlling its fiery viceroy . Osuna continued to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act against Venice in an almost piratical See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, and treated orders from See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with scant respect . Serious fears began to be entertained that he meant to declare himself See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent in Naples, and had he tried he could have brought about a revolt which the enfeebled Spanish government could hardly have suppressed . It is, however, unlikely that he had treasonable intentions . He allowed his See also:

• NAVAL

naval forces to be gradually reduced by drafts, and when superseded returned obediently to See also:

• MADRID

Madrid . After his return he was imprisoned on a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• STRING

string of charges, and largely' at the instigation of the Venetians . No See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment was issued against him, as he died in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison on the 24th of September 1624 . The " See also:

• GREAT

great duke .of Osuna," as he is always called by the Spaniards, impressed the See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination of his countrymen profoundly as a vigorous, domineering and patriotic -See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

stamp of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and he was no less admired by the Italians . His ability was infinitely See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to that of the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary politicians and courtiers of the time, but he was more energetic than really See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise, and he was an intolerable- subordinate to the bureaucratic despotism of Madrid . The Vita di See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Pietro Giron, duce d' Ossuna, vicere di Napoli e di Sicilia of Gregorio Leti (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1699) is full of irrelevances, and contains much See also:

• GOSSIP (from the O.E. godsibb, i.e. God, and sib, akin, standing in relation to)

gossip, as well as speeches which are manifestly the invention of the author .

But it is founded on good documents, and Leti, an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian who detested the Spanish See also:

• RULE

rule, knew the state of his own country well . See also Don C . See also:

• FERNANDEZ, ALVARO
• FERNANDEZ, DIEGO
• FERNANDEZ, JOHN (Joao, Joam)
• FERNANDEZ, JUAN (fl. c. 1570)
• FERNANDEZ, LUCAS

Fernandez Duro, El Gran Duque de Osuna y su Marina (Madrid, 1885), and Documentos ineditos See also:

• TIARA (Gr. -papa)

tiara la historic de Espana (Madrid, 1842, &c.), vols. xliv.-xlvii .