See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

NICOLAS See also:

• CHARLES NICOLAS OUDINOT (1767-1847)

OUDINOT (1767-1847)  , See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Reggio, See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, came of a See also:

• BOURGEOIS
• BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

bourgeois See also:

• FAMILY

family in See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar-le-duc on the 25th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1767 . He had a See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for a military career, and served in the See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of Medoc from 1784 to 1787, when, having no See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of promotion on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his non-See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, he retired with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of sergeant . The Revolution changed his fortunes, and in 1792, on the outbreak of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, he was elected See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of the 3rd See also:

• BATTALION

battalion of the See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers of the See also:

• MEUSE
• MEUSE (Flem. Maes, Du. Maas)

Meuse . His gallant See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the little fort of See also:

• BITSCH (Fr. Bitche)

Bitsch in the See also:

• VOSGES
• VOSGES (Lat. Vogesus or Vosagus, Ger. Wasgau or Vogesen)

Vosges in 1792 See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to him; he was transferred to the See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1793, and after serving in numerous actions on the Belgian frontier he was promoted See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade in See also:

• JUNE

June 1794 for his conduct at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• KAISERSLAUTERN

Kaiserslautern . He continued to serve with the greatest distinction on the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German frontier under See also:

• HOCHE, LAZARE (1768-1797)

Hoche, See also:

• PICHEGRU, CHARLES (1761-1804)

Pichegru and See also:

• MOREAU, GUSTAVE (1826-1898)
• MOREAU, HEGESIPPE (18ro-1838)
• MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR MARIE (1763-1813)

Moreau, and was repeatedly wounded and once (in 1795) made prisoner . He was See also:

• MASSENA, ANDRE, or ANDREA

Massena's right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand all through the See also:

• GREAT

great Swiss See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1799—first as a general of See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, to which grade he was promoted in April, and then as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff—and won extraordinary distinction at the battle of See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present under Massena at the defence of See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa, and so distinguished himself at the combat of Monzambano that See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon presented him with a See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . He was made inspector-general of See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry, and, on the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, given the See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• CROSS

Cross of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of Honour, but was not included in the first creation of marshals . He was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time elected a member of the chamber of deputies, but he had little time to devote to politics . He took a conspicuous See also:

• PART

part in the war of 18o5 in command of the famous division See also:

• OUIDA

OUIDA of the " grenadiers See also:

• OUDINOT, CHARLES NICOLAS (1767-1847)

Oudinot," formed of picked troops and organized by him, with which he seized the See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges, received a See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound at Hollabrunn, and delivered the decisive See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow at See also:

• AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)

Austerlitz . In 18o6 he won the battle of Ostrolenka, and fought with See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution and success at See also:

• FRIEDLAND

Friedland . In 18o8 he was made See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt and See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of the Empire, and in 1809, after displaying brilliant courage at See also:

• WAGRAM (DEUTSCH-WAGRAM)

Wagram, he was promoted to the rank of marshal .

He was made duke of Reggio, and received a large See also:

• MONEY

money See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant in April 18ro . Oudinot administered the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland from 1810 to 1812, and commanded the II. See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of the Grande Armee in the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian campaign . He was present at See also:

• LUTZEN

Lutzen and See also:

• BAUTZEN (Wendish Budissin, " town ")

Bautzen, and when holding the See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent command of the corps directed to take See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin was defeated at See also:

• GROSS

Gross Beeren (see See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

NAPOLEONIC See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

CAMPAIGNS) . He was then superseded by See also:

• NEY, MICHEL

Ney, but the See also:

• MISCHIEF

mischief was too great to be repaired, and Ney was defeated at See also:

• DENNEWITZ

Dennewitz . Oudinot was not disgraced, however, holding important commands at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and in the campaign of 1814 . On the See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of Napoleon he rallied to the new government, and was made a peer by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII., and, unlike many of his old comrades, he did not See also:

• DESERT

desert to his old See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master in 1815 . His last active service was in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French invasion of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 1823, in which he commanded a corps and was for a time governor of See also:

• MADRID

Madrid . He died as governor of the Invalides on the 13th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1847 . Oudinot was not, and made no pretence of being, a great See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, but he was a great general of division . He was the beau-ideal of an infantry general, energetic, thoroughly conversant with detail, and in battle as resolute and skilful as any of the marshals of Napoleon . Oudinot's eldest son, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

NICOLAS See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR, 2nd duke of Reggio (1791-1863), lieutenant-general, served through the later campaigns of Napoleon from 1809 to 1814, being in the latter See also:

• YEAR

year promoted See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major for gallant conduct . Unlike his See also:

• FATHER

father he was a cavalryman, and as such held command of the See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry school at See also:

• SAUMUR

Saumur (1822-1830), and the inspectorgeneralcy of cavalry (1836-1848) .

He is chiefly known as the commander of the French expedition which besieged and took See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 184o and re-established the temporal See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope . After the coup d'etat of the 2nd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1851, in resistance to which he took a prominent part, he retired from military and See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LIFE

life, dying at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 7th of June 1863 . The 2nd duke wrote Aperqu historique sur la diguile de marechal de France (1833) ; Considerations sur See also:

• LES

les ordres militaires de See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Louis, &c . (1833); L'Emploi See also:

• DES

des troupes aux grands travaux d'utilite publique (1839) ; De la Cavalerie et du casernement des troupes a cheval (184o) ; Des Remontes de l'armee (184o) ; and a brief account of his See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian operations of 1849 .