OXFORDIAN  , in See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology, the name given to a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of strata in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle Oolites which occur between the See also:

• CORALLIAN (Fr. Corallun)

Corallian beds and the See also:

• CORNBRASH

Cornbrash; the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division is now taken to include the See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay with the underlying See also:

• CALLOVIAN (from Callovium, the Latinized form of Kellaways, a village not far from Chippenham in Wiltshire)

Callovian See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage (q.v.) . The argillaceous beds were called " Clunch Clay and Shale " by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith (1815-1816); in 1818 W . See also:

• BUCKLAND, FRANCIS TREVELYAN (1826–188o)
• BUCKLAND, WILLIAM (1784–1856)

Buckland described them under the unwieldy See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title " Oxford, See also:

• FOREST

Forest or Fen Clay." The See also:

• TERM

term Oxfordian was introduced by d'See also:

• ORBIGNY, ALCIDE DESSALINES

Orbigny in 1844 . The name is derived from the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Oxford, where the beds are well See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, but they See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop out almost continuously from See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire, generally forming See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low, broad valleys . They are well exposed at See also:

• WEYMOUTH

Weymouth, Oxford, See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford, See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough, and in the cliffs at Scar-See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough, Red Cliff and Gristhorpe See also:

• BAY

Bay . Rocks of this See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age are found also in Uig and See also:

• SKYE

Skye . The Oxford Clay is usually bluish or greenish-See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, weathering See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown or yellow; In the See also:

• LOWER

lower portions it is somewhat more shaly . The beds frequently tend to be calcareous and bituminous, while in places there is a considerable amount of See also:

• LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite . Septaria of large See also:

• SIZE

size are See also:

• COMMON

common, they have been cut and polished at Radipole and Melbury Osmund in Dorsetshire, where they are known as Melbury See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble or "turtle-stones "; they were used to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form table-tops, &c . In Yorkshire the Oxford Clay is usually a grey sandy shale . In the central and See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern English counties the Oxford Clay is divisible as follows: Upper See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone of S See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

Clays with septaria and ironstone nodules . Clays with Cardsoceras cordalum pyritized fossils (subzone of Quenstedloceras kamberli) .

Lower zone of 1 Shales with pyritized fossils (subzone of Cosmoceras See also:

• JASON ('Iaacov)

Jason) . Cosmoccras ornatum The upper zone contains also Gryphaea dilatata (large forms), Serpula vertebralis, Belemnites hastatus, Aspidoceras perarmatum, Cardioceras vertebrale . The lower zone yields Reineckia anceps, Peltoceras at hl eta, Quenstedtoceras Mariae, Cosmoceras Jason, Cerithium muricatum, and a small form of Gryphaea dilatata . The remains of fishes and saurian See also:

• REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles have been found . The Oxford Clay is dug for See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-making at Weymouth, See also:

• TROWBRIDGE

Trowbridge, See also:

• CHIPPENHAM

Chippenham, Oxford, Bedford, Peterborough and Fletton . The " Oxfordian " of the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe is divided accordin to A. de See also:

• LAPPARENT, ALBERT AUGUSTE COCHON DE (1839–19o8)

Lapparent into an upper (Argovian) and a lower (Neuvizyen) substage . In the former he includes See also:

• PART

part of the English Coralline Oolite and in the latter the lower Calcareous Grit, while a portion of the lower Oxford Clay is placed in the Divesian or upper substage of the Callovian . In See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany the Oxford Clay is re-presented by the Hersumer beds . Most of the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European formations on this See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon are clays and marls with occasional See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone and ironstone beds . See See also:

• JURASSIC

JURASSIC, CALLOVIAN, CORALLIAN . (J . A .