13TH

EARL OF

See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)

JOHN DE

See also:

• VERE
• VERE, SIR FRANCIS (1560-1609)

VERE

See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• 13TH EARL OF JOHN DE VERE OXFORD (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

OXFORD (1443-1513)  , was second son of John, the 12th earl, a prominent Lancastrian, who, together with his eldest son Aubrey de Vere, was executed in February 1462 . John de Vere the younger was himself attainted, but two years later was restored as 13th earl . But his loyalty was suspected, and for a short time at the end of 1468 he was in the Tower . He sided with Warwick, the king-maker, in the political movements of 1469, accompanied him in his exile next year, and assisted in the Lancastrian restoration of 1470-1471 . As constable he tried John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, who had condemned his father nine years before . At the battle of Barnet, Oxford was victorious in command of the Lancastrian right, but his men got out of hand, and before they could be rallied Warwick was defeated . Oxford escaped to France . In 1473 he organized a Lancastrian expedition, which, after an attempted landing in Essex, sailed west and seized St Michael's Mount in Cornwall . It was only after a four months' siege that Oxford was forced to surrender in February 1474 . He was sent to Hammes near Calais, whence, ten years later, in August 1484, he escaped and joined Henry Tudor in Brittany . He fought for Henry in high command at Bosworth, and was rewarded by restoration to his title, estates and hereditary office of Lord Chamberlain . At Stoke on the 16th of June 1486 he led the van of the royal army .

In 1492 he was in command in the expedition to

Flanders, and in 1497 was foremost in the defeat of the Cornish rebels on Blackheath . Bacon (Hist. of Henry VII. p . 192, ed . Lumby) has preserved a story that when in the summer of 1498 Oxford entertained the king at Castle Hedingham, he assembled a great number of his retainers in livery; Henry thanked the earl for his reception, but fined him 15,000 marks for the breach of the laws . Oxford was high steward at the trial of the earl of Warwick, and one of the commissioners for the trial of Sir James Tyrell and others in May 1502 . Partly through ill-health he took little part after-wards in public affairs, and died on the loth of March 1513 . He was twice married, but left no children . Oxford is frequently mentioned in the Paston Letters, which include twenty written by him, mostly to Sir John Paston the younger . See The Paston Letters, ed . J . Gairdner; Chronicles of London, ed . C .

L .

Kingsford (1905); Sir James Ramsay, Lancaster and York; and The Political History of England, vols. iv. and v . (1906) . (C . L .