See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

ANTOINE See also:

• FREDERIC, HAROLD (1856-1898)

FREDERIC See also:

• ANTOINE FREDERIC OZANAM (1813-1853)

OZANAM (1813-1853)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan on the 23rd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1813 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family, which was of Jewish extraction, had been settled in the Lyonnais for many centuries, and had reached distinction in the third See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation before See also:

• FREDERIC, HAROLD (1856-1898)

Frederic through Jacques See also:

• OZANAM, ANTOINE FREDERIC (1813-1853)

Ozanam (164o-1717), an eminent mathematician . Ozanam's See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine, served in the armies of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic, but betook himself, on the See also:

• ADVENT (Lat. Adventus, sc. Redemptoris, " the coming of the Saviour ")

advent of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, to See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, teaching, and finally See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . The boy was brought up at See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons and was strongly influenced by one of his masters, the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe Noirot . His conservative and religious instincts showed themselves See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early, and he published a pamphlet against See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Simonianism in 1831, which attracted the attentionof Lamartine . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was sent to study See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in with the See also:

• AMPERE, ANDRE MARIE (1775–1836)
• AMPERE, JEAN JACQUES (1800-1864)

Ampere family, and through them with See also:

• CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS RENE, VICOMTE DE (1768–1848)

Chateaubriand, See also:

• LACORDAIRE, JEAN BAPTISTE HENRI (1802-1861)

Lacordaire, See also:

• MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES FORBES RENE DE (1810-1870)
• MONTALEMBERT, MARC

Montalembert; and other leaders of the neo-See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement . Whilst still a student he took up journalism and contributed considerably to See also:

• BAILLY, JEAN SYLVAIN (1736-1793)

Bailly's See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

Tribune catholique, which became (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1, 1833) L'univers . In See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with other See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men he founded in May 1833 the celebrated charitable society of St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent de See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, which numbered before his See also:

• DEATH

death upwards of two thousand members . He received the degree of See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of law in 1836, and in 1838 that of doctor of letters with a thesis on See also:

• DANTE

Dante, which was the beginning of one of his best-known books . A year later he was appointed to a professorship of commercial law at Lyons, and in 184o assistant See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign literature at the See also:

• SORBONNE

Sorbonne . He married in See also:

• JUNE

June 1841, and visited See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy on his See also:

• WEDDING

wedding tour . At See also:

• FAURIEL, CLAUDE CHARLES (1772-1844)

Fauriel's death in 1844 he succeeded to the full professorship of foreign literature .

The shcrt See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of his See also:

• LIFE

life was extremely busy with his professorial duties, his extensive See also:

• LITERARY

literary occupations, and the See also:

• WORK

work, which he still continued, of See also:

• DISTRICT

district-visiting as a member of the society of St Vincent de Paul . During the revolution of 1848, of which he took an unduly sanguine view, he once more turned journalist for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the Ere nouvelle and other papers . He travelled extensively, and was in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the time of the See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1851 . His naturally weak constitution fell a See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption, which he hoped to cure by visiting Italy, but he died on his return at See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles on the 8th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1853 . Ozanam was the leading See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and literary critic in the neo-Catholic movement in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France during the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He was more learned, more sincere, and more logical than Chateaubriand; less of a See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan and less of a literary sentimentalist than Montalembert . In contemporary movements he was an See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest and conscientious See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of Catholic See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy and See also:

• SOCIALISM

socialism and of the view that the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church should adapt itself to the changed political conditions consequent to the Revolution . In his writings he dwelt upon important contributions of historical See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, and maintained especially that, in continuing the work of the Caesars, the Catholic church had been the most potent See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor in civilizing the invading barbarians and in organizing the life of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . He confessed that his See also:

• OBJECT

object was " to prove the contrary thesis to See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon's," and, although any historian who begins with the See also:

• DESIRE

desire to prove a thesis is quite sure to go more or less wrong, Ozanam no doubt administered a healthful antidote to the prevalent notion, particularly amongst See also:

• ENGLISH

English-speaking peoples, that the Catholic church had done far more to enslave than to elevate the human mind . His knowledge of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval literature and his appreciative sympathy with medieval life admirably qualified him for his work, and his scholarly attainments are still highly esteemed . His See also:

• WORKS

works were published in eleven volumes (Paris, 1862-1865) . They include Deux chanceliers d'Angleterre, See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon de Verulam et Saint See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas de Cantorbery (Paris, 1836) ; Dante et la philosophie catholique au XIITeme siecle (Paris, 1839; 2nd ed., enlarged 1845); Etudes germaniques (2 vols., Paris, 1847-1849), translated by A .

C . Glyn as gistory of See also:

• CIVILIZATION

Civilization in the Fifth Century (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1868) ; Documents inedits pour servir d l'histoire de l'Italie depuis le VIII'n, siecle jusqu'au XI.Pme (Paris, 1850); See also:

• LES

Les poetes franciscains en Italie au XIIIe+ne siecle (Paris, 1852) . His letters have been partially translated into English by A . Coates (London, 1886) . There are French lives of Ozanam by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, C . A . Ozanam (Paris, 1882) ; Mme . E . See also:

• HUMBERT, RANIERI CARLO EMANUELE GIOVANNI MARIA FERDINANDO EUGENIO, KING OF ITALY (1844-1900)

Humbert (Paris, 188o); C . Huit (Paris, 1882) ; M. de Lambel (Paris, 1887) ; L . Curnier (Paris, 1888) ; and B . Faulquier (Paris, 1903) .

See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German lives by F . X . Karker (See also:

• PADERBORN (Lat. Paderae Fontes, i.e. the springs of the Pader)

Paderborn, 1867) and E . See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy (See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, 1878) ; and an interesting English See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by See also:

• MISS

Miss K . O'Meara (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1867; 2nd ed., London, 1878) . (C . H .