See also:

• MARCUS

MARCUS See also:

• MARCUS PACUVIUS (c. 220-130 B.C.)

PACUVIUS (c. 220-130 B.C.)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman tragic poet, was the See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew and See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• ENNIUS, QUINTUS (239-170 B.c.)

Ennius, by whom Roman tragedy was first raised to a position of See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and dignity . In the See also:

• INTERVAL

interval between the See also:

• DEATH

death of Ennius (169) and the See also:

• ADVENT (Lat. Adventus, sc. Redemptoris, " the coming of the Saviour ")

advent of See also:

• ACCIUS
• ACCIUS, LUCIUS

Accius, the youngest and most productive of the tragic poets, he alone maintained the continuity of the serious See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama, and perpetuated the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character first imparted to it by Ennius . Like Ennius he probably belonged to an Oscan stock, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Brundusium, which had become a Roman See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony in 244 . Hence he never attained to that perfect idiomatic purity of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, which was the See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early writers of See also:

• COMEDY

comedy, See also:

• NAEVIUS, GNAEUS (c. 264–? 194 B.C.)

Naevius and See also:

• PLAUTUS, TITUS MACCIUS (originally perhaps MACCUS; cf. Asin. Prol. 11)

Plautus . See also:

• PACUVIUS, MARCUS (c. 220-130 B.C.)

Pacuvius obtained distinction also as a painter; and the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny (Nat . Hist. See also:

• XXXV

xxxv . 19) mentions a See also:

• WORK

work of his in the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• HERCULES
• HERCULES (0. Lat. Hercoles, Hercles)

Hercules in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum boarium . He was less productive as a poet than either Ennius or Accius; and we hear of only about twelve of his plays, founded on See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek subjects (among them the See also:

• ANTIOPE

Antiope, Teucer, Armorum Judicium, Dulorestes, Chryses, Niptra, &c., most of them on subjects connected with the Trojan See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle), and one praetexta (See also:

• PAULUS
• PAULUS (older form PAur.Lus), LUCIUS AEMILIUS
• PAULUS, HEINRICH

Paulus) written in connexion with the victory of See also:

• LUCIUS

Lucius See also:

• AEMILIUS, PAULUS (PAOLO Ea111.io) (d. 1529)

Aemilius Paulus at Pydna(168), as 'the See also:

• CLASTIDIUM (mod. Casteggio)

Clastidium of Naevius and the See also:

• AMBRACIA (more correctly AMPRACIA)

Ambracia of Ennius were written in See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration of See also:

• GREAT

great military successes . He continued to write tragedies till the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighty, when he exhibited a See also:

• PLAY

play in the same See also:

• YEAR

year as Accius, who was then See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years of age . He retired to See also:

• TARENTUM
• TARENTUM (Gr. rapas)

Tarentum for the last years of his See also:

• LIFE

life, and a See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story is told by See also:

• GELLIUS, AULUS (c. A.D. 13o-I8o)

Gellius (xiii . 2) of his being visited there by-Accius on his way to See also:

• ASIA

Asia, who read his See also:

• ATREUS

Atreus to him . The story is probably, like that of the visit of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• TERENCE

Terence to the See also:

• VETERAN

veteran See also:

• CAECILIUS

Caecilius, due to the invention of later See also:

• GRAM

gram- marians; but it is invented in accordance wtih the traditionary See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism (See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace, Epp. ii .

1 . 54–55) of the distinction between the two poets, the older being characterized rather by cultivated accomplishment (doctus), the younger by vigour and animation (altus) . Pacuvius's See also:

• EPITAPH (Gr. it oa¢cos, sc. X/yos, from bri, upon, and ra¢os, a tomb)

epitaph, said to have been composed by himself, is quoted by Aulus Gellius (i . 24), with a See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of admiration to its " modesty, simplicity and See also:

• FINE

fine serious spirit ": Adulescens, See also:

• TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR (1100-1171)

tam etsi properas, to hoc saxum rogat Ut sese aspicias, deinde quod scriptum 'st See also:

• LEGAS

legas . Hic Bunt poetae Pacuvi Marci sita See also:

• OSSA (mod. Kissovo or Kissavo)

Ossa . Hoc volebam nescius ne esses . Vale . See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, who frequently quotes from him with great admiration, appears (De optimo genere oratorum, i.) to See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank him first among the Roman tragic poets, as Ennius among the epic, and Caecilius among the comic poets . The fragments of Pacuvius quoted by Cicero in See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

illustration or enforcement of his own ethical teaching See also:

• APPEAL

appeal, by the fortitude, dignity, and magnanimity of the sentiment expressed in them, to what was noblest in the Roman temperament . They are inspired also by a fervid and steadfast glow of spirit and reveal a gentleness and humanity of sentiment blended with the severe gravity of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Roman character . So far too as the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans were capable of taking See also:

• INTEREST

interest in speculative questions, the tragic poets contributed to stimulate curiosity on such subjects, and they anticipated See also:

• LUCRETIUS (TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS) (c. 98–55 B.C.)

Lucretius in using the conclusions of speculative See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy as well as of See also:

• COMMON

common sense to assail some of the prevailing forms of superstition . Among the passages quoted from Pacuvius are several which indicate a See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste both for See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical and ethical See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation, and others which expose the pretensions of religious imposture .

These poets aided also in developing that capacity which the Roman See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language subsequently displayed of being an See also:

• ORGAN

organ of See also:

• ORATORY (Lat. oratorio, sc. ors; from orare, to speak or pray)

oratory, See also:

• HISTORY

history and moral disquisition . The See also:

• LITERARY

literary language of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome was in See also:

• PROCESS

process of formation during the 2nd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C., and it was in the latter See also:

• PART

part of this century that the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of great Roman orators, with whose spirit Roman tragedy has a strong See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity, begins . But the new creative effort in language was accompanied by considerable crudeness of See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution, and the novel word-formations and varieties of See also:

• INFLEXION (from Lat. inflectere, to bend)

inflexion introduced by Pacuvius exposed him to the ridicule of the satirist See also:

• LUCILIUS, GAIUS (c. 18o–ro3 B.C.)

Lucilius, and, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long afterwards, to that of his imitator See also:

• PERSIUS

Persius . But, notwithstanding the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to introduce an See also:

• ALIEN (Lat. alienus)

alien See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element into the Roman language, which proved incompatible with its natural See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, and his own failure to attain the idiomatic purity of Naevius, Plautus or Terence, the fragments of his dramas are sufficient to prove the service which he rendered to the formation of the literary language of Rome as well as to the culture and character of his contemporaries . Fragments in O . See also:

• RIBBECK, JOHANN CARL OTTO (1827-1898)

Ribbeck, Fragmenta scaenicae romanorum poesis (1897), vol. i . ; see also his Remische Tragodie (1875) ; L . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, De Pacuvii fabulis (188) ; W . S . See also:

• TEUFFEL, WILHELM SIEGMUND (1820–1878)

Teuffel, Caecilius See also:

• STATIUS, PUBLIUS PAPINIUS (c. A.D. 45-96)

Statius, Pacuvius, Attius, See also:

• AFRANIUS, LUCIUS

Afranius (1858); and See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, History of Rome, bk. iv. ch . 13 .