PADERBORN (

See also:

• LAT

Lat. Paderae Fontes, i.e. the springs of the Pader)  , a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, 63 m . N.E. from Dortmund on the railway to Berlin via Altenbeken . Pop . (19o5), 26,468, of whom about 8o% are Roman Catholics . It derives its name from the springs of the Pader, a small affluent of the Lippe, which rise in the town under the cathedral to the number of nearly 200, and with such force as to drive several mills within a few yards of their source . A large part of the town has been rebuilt since a great fire of 1875 . The most prominent of half-a-dozen churches is the Roman Catholic cathedral, the western part of which dates from the 11th, the central part from the 12th, and the eastern part from the 13th century; it was restored in 1891-1893 . Among other treasures it contains the silver coffin of St Liborius, a substitute for one which was coined into dollars in 1622 by Christian of Brunswick, the celebrated freebooter . The chapel of St Bartholomew, although externally insignificant, dates from the earlier part of the 11th century, and is counted among the most interesting buildings in Westphalia; it was restored in 1852 . The Jesuit church and the Protestant Abdinghofkirche are also interesting . The town hall is a picturesque edifice of the 13th century; it was partly rebuilt in the 16th, and was restored in the 19th century . Paderborn formerly possessed a university, founded in 1614, with faculties of theology and philosophy, but this was closed in 1819 .

The manufactures of the town include railway plant,

glass, soap, tobacco and beer; and there is a trade in grain, cattle, fruit and wool . Paderborn owes its early development to Charlemagne, who held a diet here in 777 and made it the seat of a bishop a few years later . The Saxon emperors also held diets in the city, which about the year l000 was surrounded with walls . It joined the Hanseatic League, obtained many of the privileges of a free Imperial town, and endeavoured to assert its independence of the bishop . The citizens gladly accepted the reformed doctrines, but the supremacy of the older faith was restored in 1604 by Bishop Theodore von Furstenberg, who forcibly took possession of the city . It underwent the same fate at the hands of Christian of Brunswick during the Thirty Years' War . The bishopric of Paderborn formed part of the arch-diocese of Mainz, and its bishop became a prince of the empire about t too . Some of the bishops were men of great activity, and the bishopric attained a certain measure of importance in North Germany, in spite of ravages during the Thirty Years' War and the Seven Years' War . It was secularized in 1803 and was given to Prussia, and after losing it for a few years that country regained it by the settlement of 1815 . The last bishop was Franz Egon von Furstenberg (d . 1825) . The bishopric had an area of nearly loon sq. in.. and a population of about roo,000 .

A new bishopric of Paderborn, with ecclesiastical authority only, was established in 1821 . See W .

Richter, Geschichte der Stadt Paderborn (Paderborn, 1899—1903) ; A . Hubinger, Die Verfassung der Stadt Paderborn im Mittelalter (Munster, 1899) ; and J . Freisen, Die Universitett Paderborn (Paderborn, 1898) . For the history of the bishopric see W . F . Giefers, Die Anfange des Bistums Paderborn (Paderborn, 186o); L . A . T . Holscher, Die tiltere Diozese Paderborn (Paderborn, 1886) ; the Urkunden des Bistums Paderborn, edited by R . Wilmans (Munster 1874—188o); and W .

Richter, Studien and Quellen zur Paderborner Geschichte (Paderborn, 1893) .