NICOLO See also:

• NICOLO PAGANINI (1784-1840)

PAGANINI (1784-1840)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian virtuoso on the See also:

• VIOLIN

violin, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa on the 18th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1784 . His See also:

• FATHER

father See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio, a See also:

• CLEVER

clever See also:

• AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

amateur, who was in the See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping business, taught him the violin at a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and he had further lessons from the See also:

• MAESTRO

maestro di cappella of the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• SAN

San Lorenzo . He first appeared in public at Genoa in 1793, with triumphant success . In 1795 he visited See also:

• PARMA

Parma for the purpose of taking lessons from Alessandro Rolla, who, however, said that he had nothing to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach him . On returning See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, he studied more diligently than ever, practising single passages for ten See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours at a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing compositions so difficult that he alone could See also:

• PLAY

play them . His first professional tour, through the cities of See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy, was made with his father in 1797 . For some years he led a chequered career; he gambled at See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards, and had to See also:

• PAWN

pawn his violin; and between 18or and 1804 he lived in retirement, in See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany, with a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady who was in love with him . In 1805 however he started on a tour through See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, astonishing the See also:

• WORLD

world with his matchless performances, and especially with his unprecedented playing on the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• STRING

string alone . The princess of See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca and Piombo, See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon's See also:

• SISTER

sister, made him her musical director, and he became a prominent figure at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court where his caprices and audacities were a by-word . He abandoned this in 1813, and visited See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna, See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, and other cities, gaining further fame by his extraordinary virtuosity . In See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, in 1815, he began a liaison with Antonia Bianchi, a dancer, which lasted till 1828; and by her he had a son Achillino, born in 1826 . Meanwhile the world rang with his praises .

In 1827 the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope honoured him with the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order of the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

Spur; and, in the following See also:

• YEAR

year, he extended his travels to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, beginning with See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, where he created a profound sensation . He first appeared in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1831; and on the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June in that year he played in See also:

• LONDON

London at the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre . His visit to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England was preluded by the most romantic stories . He was described as a See also:

• POLITICAL

political victim who had been immured for twenty years in a See also:

• DUNGEON

dungeon, where he played all See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long upon an old broken violin with one string, and thus gained his wonderful See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical dexterity . The result of this and other foolish reports was that he could not walk the streets without being mobbed . He charged what for that time were enormous fees; and his See also:

• NET

net profits in England alone, during his six years of See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, amounted to some £17,000 . In 1832 he returned to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and bought a See also:

• VILLA

villa near Parma . In 1833 he spent the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter in Paris, and in 1834 See also:

• BERLIOZ, HECTOR (1803-1869)

Berlioz composed for him his beautiful See also:

• SYMPHONY

symphony, Harold en Italie . He was than at the See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

zenith of his fame; but his See also:

• HEALTH

health, long since ruined by excessive study, declined rapidly . In 1838 he suffered serious losses in Paris through the failure of the " See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

Casino See also:

• PAGANINI, NICOLO (1784-1840)

Paganini," a gambling-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house which was refused a See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence . The disasters of this year increased his malady—laryngeal phthisisand, after much suffering, he died at See also:

• NICE

Nice on the 17th of May x840 . His will See also:

• LEFT

left a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune of £8o,000 to his son Achillino; and he bequeathed one of his violins, a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Guarnerius, given him in early See also:

• LIFE

life by a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, to the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality of Genoa, who preserve it as one of their treasures .

Paganini's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style was impressive and passionate to the last degree . His cantabile passages moved his See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience to tears, while his See also:

• TOURS

tours de force were so astonishing that a Viennese amateur publicly declared that he had seen the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil assisting him . His name stands in See also:

• HISTORY

history as that of the most extraordinary executant ever known on the violin; and in spite of greater artists or no less remarkable later virtuosi, this reputation will remain with Paganini as the inaugurator of an See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch . He was the first to show what could be done by brilliance of technique, and his compositions were directed to that end . He was an undeniable See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius, and it may be added that he behaved and looked like one, with his tall, emaciated figure and long See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair . There are numerous lives of Paganini ; see the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article and bibliography in See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

Grove's See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of See also:

• MUSIC

Music .