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EDOUARD JULES HENRI PAILLERON (1834-1899)

PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)

BARRY PAIN (1867– )

ROBERT TREAT PAINE (1731–1814)

THOMAS PAINE (1737–1809)

PAISIELLO (or PAESIELLO), GIOVANNI (1741-1816)

LORD CLAUD HAMILTON PAISLEY (c. 1543-1622)

PAITA, or PAYTA

COUNT CLAUDE PIERRE PAJOL (1772—1844)

AUGUSTIN PAJOU (173o—18o9)

PAKHOI, or PEIHAI

KRISTO DAS PAL (1839–1884)

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

ARMANDO PALACIO VALDES (1853— )

PALADIN (Lat. palatinus)

QUINTUS REMMIUS PALAEMON

PALAEOGRAPHY (Gr. aaXalbs, ancient, and ypal6ew, to write)

PALAEOLITHIC (Gr. iraXates, old, and )tWBor, stone)

PALAEOSPONDYLUS

PALAEOTHERIUM (i.e. ancient animal)

PALAEOTROPICAL REGION

PALAESTRA (Gr. aaXaiarpa)

JUAN DE PALAFOX DE MENDOZA (1600-1659)

JOSE DE PALAFOX Y MELZI (1780-1847)

GREGORIUS PALAMAS (a. 1296-1359)

PALANQUIN (pronounced palankeen, a form in which it is sometimes spelled)

PALATE (Lat. palatum, possibly from the root of pascere, to feed)

PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

PALAVER (an adaptation of Port. palavra, a word or speech; Ital. parola; Fr. parole, from the Low Lat. parabola, a parable, story, talk; Gr. aapa$oXil, literally "comparison"; the Low Lat. parabolare, " to talk," gives Fr. parler, " to speak," whence " pa

PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

AONIO PALEARIO (c. 1500-1570)

PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA (1526-1594)

PALETTE (the Fr. diminutive of pale, spade, blade of an oar, from Lat. Pala, spade, baker's shovel or peel; cf. pandere, to spread)

FREDERICK APTHORP PALEY (1815-1888)

WILLIAM PALEY (1743-1805)

JOHN GORHAM PALFREY (1796-1881)

FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE (1824-1897)

SIR FRANCIS PALGRAVE (1788-1861)

COMTE DE CHARLES GUILLAUME MARIE APPOLLINAIRE ANTOINE COUSIN MONTAUBAN PALIKAO (1796 1878)

PALINDROME (Gr. 7raXty, again, and Spbµos, a course)

PALINGENESIS (Gr. -raw, again, 14vevcr, becoming, birth)

BERNARD PALISSY (1510-1589)

ANDREA PALLADIO (1518-1580)

PALLADIUM (Gr. sraXXit&ov)

atomic weight Io6.7 PALLADIUM [symbol Pd (O=16)]

RUTILIUS TAURUS AEMILIANUS PALLADIUS

PETER SIMON PALLAS (1741–1811)

PALLAVICINO (or PALLAVICINI), PIETRO SFORZA (16o7-1667)

FERRANTE PALLAVICINO (1618-1644)

PALLONE (Italian for " large ball," from palla, ball)

PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )

PALM SUNDAY (Dominica palmarum)

JOHANN PHILIPP PALM (1768-1806)

JACOPO PALMA (c. 1480-1528)

PALMA, or PALMA DE MALLORCA

PALMA, or SAN MIGUEL DE LA PALMA

EDWARD HENRY PALMER (1840-1882)

ERASTUS DOW PALMER (1817-1904)

GEORGE PALMER (1818-1897)

RAY PALMER (1808-1887)

SAMUEL PALMER (1805-1881)

BART SIR CHARLES MARK PALMER

3RD VISCOUNT HENRY JOHN TEMPLE PALMERSTON (1784-1865)

PALMISTRY (from " palmist," one who studies the palm, and the Teutonic affix ry signifying " art "; also called CHIROMANCY, from xeip, the hand, and ,uavreia, divination)

ACISCLO ANTONIO PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO (1653-1726)

ROBERT PALTOCK (1697-1767)

PAMPAS (Span. La Pampa, from a Quichua word signifying a level open space or terrace)

PAMPHILUS (1st century A.D.)

PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA

PAN (" pasturer ")

PAN (common in various forms to many Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Pfanne; it is generally taken to be an early adaptation in a shortened form of Lat. patina, shallow bowl or dish, from patere, to lie open)

PANACEA (Gr. lravaKeia, all-healing, from was, all, and aueioOae, to heal)

PANAETIUS (c. 185-18o to I10-108 B.C.)

PANCH MAHALS ( = Five Districts)

PANCREAS (Gr. rag, all; 1cpks, flesh)

PANDA (Aelurus fulgens)

PANDECTS (Lat. pandecta, adapted from Gr. vrai ,crr)s, all-containing)

PANDERMA (Gr. Panormus)

PANDORA (the " All-giving ")

PANDULPH [PANDOLFO] (d. 1226)

PANE (Fr. pan, Lat. pannus, a cloth, garment)

PANEL (O. Fr. panel, mod. panneau, piece of cloth, from Med. Lat. pannellus, diminutive of pannus, cloth)

COUNT NIKITA IVANOVICH PANIN (1718—1783)

SIR ANTHONY PANIZZI (1797-1879)

PANJABI (properly PANJABI')

PANJDEH, or PENJDEH

PANNA, or PUNNA

PANNAGE (0. Fr. pasnage, from Med. Lat. pasnagium, pasnaticum for pastionaticum, pascio; pascere, to feed)

PANNIER (Fr. panier, Lat. panarium, a basket for carrying bread, panis)

PANORAMA (Gr. -rap, all, and opa,ua, view)

PANPSYCHISM (Gr. 7rav, all; ,writ, soul)

PANSY, or HEARTSEASE

PANTALOON (Ital. pantalone)

PANTELLERIA, or PANTALARIA (ancient Cossyra1)

PANTHEISM (Gr. 7rav, all, Oeos, god)

PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

PANTOGRAPH, or PANTAGRAPI (from the Greek sravra, all, and yp64 av, to write)

PANTRY (O. Fr. paneterie; Med. Lat. panetaria, a bread-shop, from panis, bread)

PANTUN (PANTOUM)

PANYASIS (more correctly, PANYASSIS)

CESARE PAOLI (1840-1902)

PASQUALE PAOLI (1725-1807)

PAOLO (GIROLAMO GASPARE)5 (1532-1600)

PAOLO ANIMUCCIA

PAOLO THE ELDER (c. 1443-1506)

PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

DENIS PAPIN (1647-c. 1712)

LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU (1786-1871)

PAPINIAN (AEanLtus PAPINIANUS)

COUNT OF GOTTFRIED HEINRICH PAPPENHEIM (1594—1632)

PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA

PAPUANS (Malay pap4wah or puwah-puwah, " frizzled," " woolly-haired," in reference to their characteristic hair-dressing)

PAR (Lat. par, equal)

PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

PARABLE (Gr. 7apa(3oXi7, a comparison or similitude)

PARACELSUS (c. 1490-1541)

PARACHUTE (from Ital. parare, to shield, protect; cf. " parasol," " parapet," and Fr. chute, a fall)

PARADE (Fr. parade, an adaptation from Ital. parada; cf. Span. parada, from Lat. parade, to prepare, equip, furnish)

PARADISE (Gr. lrap6BEwos)

PARADOS (Fr. = back cover)

PARADOX (Gr. treat, beyond, contrary to, Sofia, opinion)

PARAHYBA (PARAHIBA Or PARAHYBA DO NORTE)

PARAHYBA (PARAHYBA DO NORTE)

PARAHYBA DO SUL

PARALLAX (Gr. aapa?X6, alternately)

PARALLEL MOTION

PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM

PARALYSIS, or PALSY (from Gr. aapal,6a , to relax; Wycliffe has palesy, and another old form of the word is parlesy)

PARAMENT (Fr. parement, from Late Lat. paramentum, adornment, parare, to prepare, equip)

PARAMOUNT (Anglo-Fr. paramont, up above, par el mont, up or on top of the mountain)

PARANOIA (Gr. 7rapa, beyond, and voeev, to understand)

PARAPET (Ital. parapetto, Fr. parapet, from para, imperative of Ital. porare, to cover, defend, and petto, breast, Lat. pectus; the German word is Brustwehr)

PARAPHERNALIA (Lat. paraphernalia, sc. bona, from Gr. aapaq5epva; impel, beside, and (*vii, dower)

PARAPHRASE (Gr. irapa¢pavis, from rrapa4p4av, to relate something in different words, 'raga, beside, and ¢pai"eav, speak, tell)

PARASCENIUM (Gr. irapacrKilvtov)

PARASITE (From Gr. irapa, beside, Tiros food)

PARASITIC DISEASES

PARASOL (Fr., from Ital. parasole: parare, to shield, and sole, sun)

HORTENSIO FELIX PARAVICINO Y ARTEAGA (158o–1633)

PARCEL (Fr. parcelle, Ital. particella, Lat. particela, diminutive of pars, part)

PARCHIM (PARCHEM)

PARCLOSE (from the O. Fr. parclore, to close thoroughly; Lat. claudere)

JEAN MARIE PARDESSUS (1772-1853)

EMILIA PARDO BAZIN (1851– )

JULIA PARDOE (,8o6--1862)

PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

PARDUBITZ (Czech, Pardubic)

AMBROISE PARE (1510-1590)

JUAN DE PAREJA (1606–1670)

SIMON NAPOLEON PARENT (1855– )

PARENTHESIS (from Gr. 1rapev,rdAvat, put in alongside)

PARGETTING (from O. Fr. pargeter or pajeter; par, all over, and jeter, to throw, i.e. " rough cast "; other derivations suggested have been from Lat. spargere, to sprinkle, and from paries, a wall, the last due to writing the parjet in the form pariet)

PARIAN CHRONICLE (Chronicon or Marmor Parium)

GIUSEPPE PARINI (1729-1799)

PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)

SCHIAVONE PARIS BORDONE

ALEXIS PAULIN PARIS (1800-x881)

BRUNO PAULIN GASTON PARIS (1839-1903)

FRANCOIS DE PARIS (169o-1727)

LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT PARIS

TREATIES OF PARIS (1814-1815)

PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

PARISH REGISTERS

PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)

EDWARDS AMASA PARK (1808–1900)

MUNGO PARK (1771-1806?)

JOHN HENRY PARKER (1806-1884)

JOSEPH PARKER (183o-1902)

MARTIN PARKER (c. 1600-c. 1656)

MATTHEW PARKER (1504-1575)

SAMUEL PARKER (164o-1688)

SIR GILBERT PARKER (1862— )

BART SIR HYDE PARKER

THEODORE PARKER (1810-186o)

SIR HARRY SMITH PARKES (1828-1885)

SIR HENRY PARKES (1815–1896)

GEORGE ROBERT PARKIN (1846— )

JAMES PARKINSON (d. 1824)

FRANCIS PARKMAN (1823-1893)

PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

PARMENIDES OF ELEA (Velia)

PARMENIO (c. 400-330 B.C.)

PARMIGIANO (1504-154o)

PARNAHYBA, or PARNAHIBA

PARNASSUS (mod. Likkoura or Likeri)

PARNASSUS PLAYS

CHARLES STEWART PARNELL (1846-1891)

THOMAS PARNELL (1679-1718)

PARNON (mod. Malevo)

VICOMTE DE EVARISTE DESIRE DE FORGES PARNY (1753-1814)

PARODY (Gr. s-apybia, literally a song sung beside, a comic parallel)

PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

PAROXYSM (Med. Lat. paroxysntus, from the Gr. wapotbvety, to make sharp, odes)

PARQUETRY (Fr. pargqueterie, from parquet, flooring, originally a small compartment)

CATHERINE PARR (1512-1548)

SAMUEL PARR (1747-1825)

THOMAS PARR (c. 1483—1635)

PARRICIDE (probably for Lat. patricidia, from pater, father, and caedere, to slay); strictly the murder of a parent; the term however has been extended to include the murder of any relative or of an ascendant by a descendant. The first Roman law against p

PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

PARRY (from Fr. parer, to ward off)

BART SIR CHARLES HUBERT HASTINGS PARRY

SIR WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY (179o–1855)

PARSEES, or PARSIS

LAW OF PARSIMONY (Lat. parsimonia, from parcere, to save)

PARSONS (or PERSONS), ROBERT (1546-161o)

THEOPHILUS PARSONS (1750-1813)

PERTABGARH PARTABGARH

PARTABGARH, or PERTABGARH

PARTHENON (HapOevwv)

PARTICK (formerly Perdyc or Perthick)

PARTICULAR ARTICLES

PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

PARTNERSHIP (earlier forms, partener, parcener, from Late Lat. partionarius for partitionarius, from partitio, sharing, pars, part)

JAMES PARTON (1822–1891)

PARTONOPEUS DE BLOIS

PARTRIDGE (Du. Patrijs, Fr. perdrix, from Lat. perdix, apparently onomatopoeic from the call of the bird)

JOHN BERNARD PARTRIDGE (1861– )

WILLIAM ORDWAY PARTRIDGE (1861– )

PAOLO PARUTA (1540-1598)

BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662)

JACQUELINE PASCAL (1625-T661)

PASCHAL (Paschalis)

PASCHAL CHRONICLE (Chronicum Paschale, also Chronicum Alexandrinum or Constantinopolitanum, or Fasti Siculi)

JULES ETIENNE PASDELOUP (181g-1887)

IVAN FEDOROVICH PASKEVICH (1782-1856)

SIR CHARLES WILLIAM PASLEY (178o—1861)

ETIENNE PASQUIER (1529-1615)

ETIENNE DENIS PASQUIER

BERNARDO PASQUINI (1637-1710)

CARLO PASSAGLIA (1812-1887)

JEAN PASSERAT (1534–1602)

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

PASSIONFLOWER (Passiflora)

FRANZ LUDWIG CARL FRIEDRICH PASSOW (1786-1833)

PASTE (O. Fr. paste, modern pate, Late Lat. pasta, whence also in Span., Port. and Ital., from Gr. 1r&vrrl or 1raara, barley porridge, or salted pottage, ir&ao'ety, to sprinkle with salt)

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)