See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

PAIN (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. poena, Gr. See also:

• ROBIN

robin, See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. See also:

• PEINE

peine)  , a See also:

• TERM

term used loosely (1) for the psycho-logical See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, which may be generally described as " unpleasantness," arising, e.g. from the contemplation of a See also:

• CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

catastrophe or of moral turpitude, and (2) for See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical (or psycho-physical) suffering, a specific sensation localized in a particular See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• BODY

body . The term is used in both senses as the opposite of " See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure," though it is doubtful whether the See also:

• ANTITHESIS (the Greek for " setting opposite ")

antithesis between physical and psychical pleasure can be equally well attested . The investigation of the pleasure-See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain phenomena of consciousness has taken a prominent See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in psychological and ethical See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation, the terms " hedonics " and " algedonics " (hXynhiov, pain of body or mind) being coined to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express different aspects of the subject . So in See also:

• AESTHETICS

aesthetics attempts have been made to assign to pain a specific psychological See also:

• FUNCTION

function as tending to increase pleasure by contrast (so See also:

• FECHNER, GUSTAV THEODOR (1801-1887)

Fechner) : pain, e.g. is a necessary See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in the tragic . Scientists have experimented elaborately with a view to the precise localization of pain-sensations, and " pain-maps " can be See also:

• DRAWN

drawn showing the exact situation of what are known as " pain-spots." For such experiments See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments known as " aesthesiometers " and " algometers have been devised . The See also:

• GREAT

great variety of painful sensations throbbing, dull, acute, intermittent, stabbing—led to the conclusion among earlier investigators that pains differ in quality . It is, however, generally agreed that all pain is qualitatively the same, though subject to temporal and intensive modification .