JOSE DE PALAFOX Y MELZI (1780-1847)  , See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa, was the youngest son of an old Aragonese See also:

• FAMILY

family . Brought up at the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, he entered the See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and in 1808 as a sub-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant accompanied See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand to See also:

• BAYONNE

Bayonne; but after vainly attempting, in See also:

• COMPANY

company with others, to secure Ferdinand's See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape, he fled to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of retirement placed himself at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the patriot See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement .in See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon . He was proclaimed by the populace See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Saragossa and See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of Aragon (May 25, 1808) . Despite the want of See also:

• MONEY

money and of See also:

• REGULAR

regular troops, he lost no See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in declaring See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, who had already overrun the neighbouring provinces of See also:

• CATALONIA (Cataluna)

Catalonia and See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre, and soon afterwards the attack he had provoked began . Saragossa as a fortress was both antiquated in See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design and scantily provided with munitions and supplies, and the defences resisted but a short time . But it was at that point that the real resistance began . A See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week's See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street fighting made the assailants masters of See also:

• HALF

half the See also:

• TOWN

town, but Palafox's See also:

• BROTHER

brother succeeded in forcing a passage into the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city with 3000 troops . Stimulated by the appeals of Palafox and of the fierce and resolute demagogues who ruled the See also:

• MOB

mob, the inhabitants resolved to contest See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the remaining quarters of Saragossa See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch by inch, and if necessary to retire to the suburb across the See also:

• EBRO (anc. Iberus or Hiberus)

Ebro, destroying the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge . The struggle, which was prolonged for nine days longer, resulted in the withdrawal of the French (Aug . 14), after a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege which had lasted 61 days in all . Palafox then attempted a short See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign in the open See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but when See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon's own See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army entered Spain, and destroyed one hostile army after another in a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, Palafox was forced back into Saragossa, where he sustained a still more memorable second siege . This ended, after three months, in the fall of the town, or rather the cessation of resistance, for the town was in ruins and a pestilence had swept away many thousands of the defenders .

Palafox himself, suffering from the epidemic, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the French and was keptprisoner at See also:

• VINCENNES

Vincennes until See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1813 . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1814 he was confirmed in the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of captain-general of Aragon, but soon afterwards withdrew from it, and ceased to take See also:

• PART

part in public affairs . From 1820 to 1823 he commanded the royal guard of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Ferdinand, but, taking the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Constitution in the See also:

• CIVIL

civil troubles which followed, he was stripped of all his honours and offices by the king, whose restoration by French bayonets was the See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of reaction and See also:

• ABSOLUTISM

absolutism . Palafox remained in retirement for many years . He received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of duke of Saragossa from See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Maria Christine . From 1836 he took part in military and See also:

• POLITICAL

political affairs as captain-general of Aragon and a senator . He died at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid on the 15th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1847 . A See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical See also:

• NOTICE

notice of Palafox appeared in the Spanish See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of See also:

• THIERS

Thiers's Hist. See also:

• DES

des consulates de l'See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, by P. de Madrago . For the two sieges of Saragossa, see C . W . C . See also:

• OMAN

Oman, See also:

• PENINSULAR

Peninsular War, vol. i.; this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account is both more accurate and more just than See also:

• NAPIER
• NAPIER, JOHN (1550-1617)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES (1786-1860)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES JAMES (1782-1853)
• NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK (1785-1860)

Napier's .