PALAWARAM  , a

town of British India, in Chingleput district, Madras, 11 m . S. of Madras city, with a station on the South Indian railway; pop . (19ot), 6416 . Formerly called the presidency cantonment, as containing the native garrison for Madras city, it is now a depot for native infantry and the residence of European pensioners . There are several tanneries . PALAllOLO ACREIDE, a town of Sicily, in the province of Syracuse, 28 M. by road W. of it, 2285 ft. above sea-level . Pop . (1901), 14,840 . The town occupies the site of the ancient Acrae, founded by Syracuse about 664 B.C . It followed in the main the fortunes of the mother city . In the treaty between the Romans and Hiero II. in 263 B.C. it was assigned to the latter . The ancient city lay on the hill above the modern town, the approach to it being defended by quarries, in which tombs of all periods have been discovered .

The auditorium of the small

theatre is well preserved, though nothing of the stage remains . Close to it are ruins of other buildings, which bear, without justification, the names Naumachia, Odeum (perhaps a bath establishment) and Palace of Hiero . The water supply was obtained by subterranean aqueducts . In the cliffs of the Monte Pineta to the south are other tomb chambers, and to the south again are the curious bas-reliefs called Santoni or Santicelli, mutilated in the 19th century by a peasant proprietor, which appear to be sepulchral also . Near here too is the necropolis of the Acrocoro della Torre, where many sarcophagi have been found . Five miles north lies Buscemi, near which a sacred grotto has been discovered; and also a church cut in the rock and surrounded by a cemetery) . See G . Judica, Antichita di Acre (Messina, 1819) . (Baron Judica's collection of antiquities was dispersed after his death.) J . Schubring, Jahrbuch fur Philologie, Suppl . IV., 662—672 .