See also:

• EDWARD

EDWARD See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY See also:

• PALMER
• EDWARD HENRY PALMER (1840-1882)
• PALMER, ERASTUS DOW (1817-1904)
• PALMER, GEORGE (1818-1897)
• PALMER, JOHN
• PALMER, RAY (1808-1887)
• PALMER, SAMUEL (1805-1881)
• PALMER, SIR CHARLES MARK, BART

PALMER (1840-1882)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English orientalist, the son of a private schoolmaster, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, on the 7th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1840 . He was educated at the Perse School, and as a schoolboy showed the characteristic See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent of his mind by picking up the Romany See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue and a See also:

• GREAT

great familiarity with the See also:

• LIFE

life of the See also:

• GIPSIES, or GYPSIES

gipsies . From school he was sent to See also:

• LONDON

London as a clerk in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . See also:

• PALMER
• PALMER, EDWARD HENRY (1840-1882)
• PALMER, ERASTUS DOW (1817-1904)
• PALMER, GEORGE (1818-1897)
• PALMER, JOHN
• PALMER, RAY (1808-1887)
• PALMER, SAMUEL (1805-1881)
• PALMER, SIR CHARLES MARK, BART

Palmer disliked this life, and varied it by learning See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian, mainly by frequenting the society of foreigners wherever he could find it . In 1859 he returned to Cambridge, apparently dying of See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption . He had an almost miraculous recovery, and in 186o, while he was thinking of a new start in life, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in with Sayyid Abdallah, teacher of Hindustani at Cambridge, under whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence he began his See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental studies . He matriculated at St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1863, and in 1867 was elected a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his attainments as an orientalist, especially in See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian and Hindustani . During his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at St John's he catalogued the Persian, Arabic and See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts in the university library, and in the See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's and Trinity . In 1867 he published a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on Oriental See also:

• MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

Mysticism, based on the Maksad-i-Aksa of Aziz See also:

• IBN

ibn Mohammad Nafasi . He was engaged in 1869 to join the survey of See also:

• SINAI

Sinai, undertaken by the See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine Exploration Fund, and followed up this See also:

• WORK

work in the next See also:

• YEAR

year by exploring the See also:

• DESERT

desert of El-Tih in See also:

• COMPANY

company with See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

Drake (1846-1874) . They completed this See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey on See also:

• FOOT

foot and without escort, making friendsamong the Bedouin, to whom Palmer was known as "Abdallah See also:

• EFFENDI (a Turkish word, corrupted from the Gr. wive rjr, a lord or master)

Effendi." After a visit to the See also:

• LEBANON
• LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

Lebanon and to See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus, where he made the acquaintance of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton, then See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul there, he returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1870 by way of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople and See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna . At Vienna he met See also:

• ARMINIUS
• ARMINIUS, JACOBUS (1560-1609)

Arminius See also:

• VAMBERY, ARMIN (1832– )

Vambery .

The results of this expedition appeared in the Desert of the See also:

• EXODUS, BOOK OF
• EXODUS, THE

Exodus (1871); in a See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report published in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal of the Palestine Exploration Fund (1871); and in an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

Secret Sects of See also:

• SYRIA

Syria in the Quarterly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (1873) . In the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the year 1871 he became See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ALMONER (from Lat. eleemosynarius, through med. Lat. almosynarius, almonarius, and Fr. almosnier, aumosniea, &c., mod. Fr. aumonier)

Almoner's See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor of Arabic at Cambridge, married, and settled down to teaching . His See also:

• SALARY

salary was small, and his affairs were further complicated by the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long illness of his wife, who died in 1878 . In 1881, two years after his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, he See also:

• LEFT

left Cambridge, and joined the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

Standard newspaper to write on non-See also:

• POLITICAL

political subjects . He was called to the English See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar in 1874, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1882 he was asked by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to go to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East and assist the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian expedition by his influence over the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs of the desert El-Tih . He was instructed, apparently, to prevent the Arab sheikhs from joining the Egyptian rebels and to secure their non-interference with the See also:

• SUEZ

Suez See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal . He went to See also:

• GAZA (or `AllAH, mod. Ghuzzeh)
• GAZA, THEODORUS (c. 1400-1475)

Gaza, without an escort made his way safely through the desert to Suez—an exploit of singular boldness —and was highly successful in his negotiations with the Bedouin . He was appointed interpreter-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief to the force in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, and from Suez he was again sent into the desert with See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William John Gill and See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

Flag-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant Harold Charrington to procure camels and gain the See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance of the sheikhs by considerable presents of See also:

• MONEY

money . On this journey he and his companions were led into an See also:

• AMBUSH (older form, " embush," O. Fr. embusche, from the Ital. imboscata, in and bosco, a wood)

ambush and murdered (August 1882) . Their remains, recovered after the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war by the efforts of Sir Charles (then See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel) See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren, now See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral . Palmer's highest qualities appeared in his travels, especially in the heroic adventures of his last journeys . His brilliant scholarship is displayed rather in the See also:

• WORKS

works he wrote in Persian and other Eastern See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages than in his English books, which were generally written under pressure .

His scholarship was wholly Eastern in See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and lacked the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical qualities of the See also:

• MODERN

modern school of Oriental learning in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . All his works show a great linguistic range and very versatile See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent; but he left no permanent See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument worthy of his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . His chief writings are The Desert of the Exodus (1871), Poems of See also:

• BEHA

Beha ed Din (An and Eng., 1876-1877), Arabic See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

Grammar (1874), See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem (1871), byBesantand Palmer—the latter wrote the See also:

• PART

part taken from Arabic See also:

• SOURCES

sources; Persian See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary (1876) and English and Persian Dictionary (See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous, 1883); See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• KORAN

Koran (188o) for the Sacred Books of the East See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, a spirited but not very accurate rendering . He also did See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good service in editing the Name Lists of the Palestine Exploration .