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See also:PALMISTRY (from " palmist," one who studies the See also:palm, and the See also:Teutonic affix ry signifying " See also:art "; also called See also:CHIROMANCY, from xeip, the See also:hand, and ,uavreia, See also:divination)
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The See also:desire to learn what the future has in See also:store is nearly as old as the sense of responsibility in mankind, and has been the See also:parent of many empirical systems of See also:fortune-telling, which profess to afford See also:positive knowledge whereby the affairs of See also:life may be regulated, and the dangers of failure foretold
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Most of these systems come into the See also:category of occult pursuits, as they are the interpretations of phenomena on the ground of fanciful presumptions, by an See also:appeal to unreal or at least unverifiable influences and relations
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One of the See also:oldest of this large See also:family of predictive systems is that of See also:palmistry, whereby the various irregulaFities and flexion-folds of the skin of the See also:hand are interpreted as being associated with See also:mental or moral dispositions and See also:powers, as well as with the current of future events in the life of the individual
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How far back in prehistoric times this See also:system has been practised it is impossible to say, but in See also:China it is said to have existed 3000 years before See also:Christ,' and in See also:Greek literature it is treated even in the most See also:ancient writings as well-known belief
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See also:
In this there are See also:colossal figures of hands, each of which has its regions marked out by See also:inscriptions
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Few of these works are of sufficient See also:interest to require mention
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1 See also:Giles, in Contemporary See also:Review (1905)
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2 Proofs of the Inquiry into the Life and Writings of See also:Homer, p
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330 (See also:London, 1736)
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' This book is worthy of See also:note on account of the See also:quaint and sarcastic See also:humour of its numerous See also:acrostic verses
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4 There is a copy in the See also:Rylands Library, See also:Manchester
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See also See also:Dibdin's See also:Bibliographical Decameron (1817), i
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143
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The best are those by Pompeius,See also:Robert See also:Fludd, See also: An See also:Indian literature is also said to exist . Some of these authors See also:attempt to See also:separate the physiognomical part of the subject (Chirognomia) from the astrological (Chiromantia); see especially Caspar Schott in Magia naturalis universalis, See also:Bamberg, 1677 . Since the See also:middle of the 19th See also:century, in spite of the enactments of See also:laws in See also:Britain and elsewhere against the practice, there has been a recrudescence of belief in palmistry, and a new literature has grown up differing little in essence from the older . The more important books of this See also:series are K . G . See also:Carus, Uber Grund u . Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen der Hand, 1846; Landsberg, Die Handteller (See also:Posen,1861); Adolf Desbarolles, See also:Les Mysteres de la See also:main (1859); C . S . D'Arpentigny, Chirognomie, la See also:science de la main (1865), of which an See also:English version has been published by See also:Heron See also:Allen in 1886; G . Z . Gessmann, Katechismus der Handlesekunst (See also:Berlin, 1889); Czyriszi, Die Deutung der Handlinien (See also:Dresden, 1893); R . Beamish, The Psychonomy of the Hand (1865); See also:Frith and Allen, The Science of Palmistry (1883); See also:Cotton, Palmistry and its See also:practical uses (189o) . Some of the older writers appealed to Scripture as supporting their systems, especially the texts Exod. xiii . 16; See also:Job See also:xxxvii . 7; and Prov . 16 . A considerable amount of literature See also:pro and See also:con was devoted to this controversy in the 17th and 18th centuries . At the present See also:day palmistry is practised in nearly all parts of China . The criteria of See also:judgment used there are referred to in the See also:article by See also:Professor H . A . Giles, already quoted . It is also extensively practised in See also:India, especially by one See also:caste of Brahmins, the Joshi . In See also:Syria and See also:Egypt the palmist can be seen plying his See also:trade at the cafes; and among the See also:Arabs there are chiromantists who are consulted as to the probable success of enterprises . It is probably from their See also:original Indian See also:home that the traditional dukkeripen (fortune-telling) of the See also:gipsies has been derived . This system of See also:divination has the See also:charm of simplicity and definiteness, as an application of the " See also:doctrine of signatures " which formed so extensive an See also:element in the occult writings of the past six centuries . In the course of ages every detail has been brought under a formal set of rules, which only need See also:mechanical application . There have been in past times considerable divergences in the practice, but at present there is a fairly See also:uniform system in See also:vogue . One school See also:lays See also:special stress on the See also:general shape and outline of the hand . Corvaeus enumerates 70 varieties, See also:Pamphilus cuts them down to 6, John de Indagine to 27, and Tricassus Mantuanus raises them to 80 . The characters of softness or hardness, dryness or moisture, &c., are taken account of in these classifications . The lines of See also:cardinal importance are (I) the rasceta or See also:cross See also:sulci, which isolate the hand from the forearm at the See also:wrist, and which are the flexion folds between the looser forearm skin and that tied down to the See also:fascia above the level of the anterior See also:annular See also:ligament . (2) The See also:line which isolates the See also:ball of the thumb, where the skin ceases to be tied to the front of the palmar fascia, is called the line of life . (3) A line starting above the See also:head of the second metacarpal See also:bone and See also:crossing the hand to the middle of its ulnar border is the line of the head . (4) The transverse line below this which passes from the ulnar border a little above the level of the head of the fifth metacarpal and ends somewhere about the See also:root of the See also:index See also:finger is the line of the See also:heart . (5) The See also:vertical line descending from the middle of the wrist to end about the See also:base of the middle finger is the line of fortune . (6) The oblique line which begins at the wrist end of the line of life and descends towards the ulnar end of the line of the head is the line of the See also:liver .
These lines isolate certain swellings or monticuli, the largest of which is (I) the ball of the thumb, called the See also:mountain of See also:Venus; (2) that at the base of the index finger is the mountain of See also:Jupiter; (3) at the root of the middle finger is the mountain of See also:Saturn, while those at the bases of See also:ring and little finger arerespectively the mountains of the (4) See also:Sun and (5) of See also:Mercury
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Above the mountain of Mercury, and between the lines of head and heart is (6) the mountain of See also:Mars, and above the line of the heart is (7) the mountain of the See also:Moon
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The relative sizes of these mountains have assigned to them their definite correlations with characters: the 1st with charity, love, libertinage; the 2nd with religiosity, ambition, love of See also:honour, See also:pride, superstition; the 3rd with See also:wisdom, See also:good fortune, prudence, or when deficient improvidence, See also:ignorance, failure; the 4th when large makes for success, celebrity, intelligence, audacity, when small meanness or love of obscurity; the 5th indicates love of know-ledge, See also:industry, aptitude for See also:commerce, and in its extreme forms on the one hand love of gain and dishonesty, on the other slackness and laziness
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The 6th is related to degrees of courage, See also:resolution, rashness or timidity; the 7th indicates sensitiveness, morality, good conduct, or immorality, overbearing See also:temper and self-will
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The swellings on the palmar faces of the phalanges of the several fingers are also indicative, the 1st and 2nd of the thumb respectively, of the logical See also:faculty and of the will; the 1st, 2nd and 3rd of the index finger, of See also:materialism, See also:law and See also:order, See also:idealism; those of the middle finger, humanity, system, intelligence; of the ring finger, truth, See also:economy, See also:energy; and of the little finger, goodness, prudence, reflectiveness
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Over and above these there are other marks, crosses, triangles, &c., of which more than a See also:hundred have been described and figured by different author's, each with its See also:interpretation; and in addition the back of the hand has its ridges
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The See also:Chinese combine podoscopy with See also:chiromancy
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To the anatomist the roughnesses of the See also:palm are of consider-able interest
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The folds are so disposed that the thick skin shall be capable of bending in grasping, while at the same See also:time it requires to be tightly See also:bound down to the See also:skeleton of the hand, else the slipping of the skin would See also:lead to insecurity of prehension, as the quilting or buttoning down of the covers of See also:furniture by upholsterers keeps them from slipping
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For this purpose the skin is tied by connecting See also:fibres of See also: The swelling of the mountain of Venus is simply the indication of the See also:size of the muscles of the ball of the thumb, and can be increased by their exercise . Similarly the hypothenar muscles for the little finger underlie the three ulnar marginal mountains, the sizes of which depend on their development and on the prominence of the pisiform bone . That these purely mechanical arrangements have any psychic, occult or predictive meaning is a fantastic See also:imagination, which seems to have a See also:peculiar attraction for certain types of mind, and as there can be no fundamental See also:hypothesis of correlation, its discussion does not See also:lie within the See also:province of See also:reason . (A . |
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