See also:

• PANORAMA (Gr. -rap, all, and opa,ua, view)

PANORAMA (Gr. -See also:

• RAP

rap, all, and opa,ua, view)  , the name given originally to a pictorial See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of the whole view visible from one point by an observer who in turning See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round looks successively to all points of the See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon . In an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary picture only a small See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• OBJECTS

objects visible from one point is included, far less being generally given than the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye of the observer can take in whilst stationary . The See also:

• DRAWING

drawing is in this See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case made by projecting the objects to be represented from the point occupied by the eye on a See also:

• PLANE

plane . If a greater part of a landscape has to be represented, it becomes more convenient for the artist to suppose himself surrounded by a cylindrical See also:

• SURFACE

surface in whose centre he stands, and to project the landscape from this position on the See also:

• CYLINDER (Gr. KvAwSpos, from KvXivaety, to roll)

cylinder . In a See also:

• PANORAMA (Gr. -rap, all, and opa,ua, view)

panorama such a cylinder, originally of about 6o ft., but now extending to upwards of 130 ft. See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, is covered with an accurate representation in See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours of a landscape, so that an observer See also:

• STANDING

standing in the centre of the cylinder See also:

• SEES

sees the picture like an actual landscape in nature completely surround him in all directions . This gives an effect of See also:

• GREAT

great reality to the picture, which is skilfully aided in various ways . The observer stands on a See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform representing, say, the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat roof of a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and the space between this platform and the picture is covered with real objects which gradually blend into the picture itself . The picture is lighted from above, but a roof is spread over the central platform so that no See also:

• LIGHT

light but that reflected from the picture reaches the eye . To make this light appear the more brilliant, the passages and See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase which See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead the spectator to the platform are kept nearly dark . These panoramas, suggested by a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German architectural painter named Breisig, were first executed by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BARKER, EDMUND HENRY (1788–1839)

Barker, an See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh artist, who exhibited one in Edinburgh in 1788, representing a view of that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . A view of See also:

• LONDON

London and views of See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea fights and battles of the See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic See also:

• WARS

wars followed, Panoramas gained less favour on the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, until, after the Franco-German See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, a panorama of the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris was exhibited in Paris . Since then some notable panoramas have been on view in the cities of Europe and See also:

• AMERICA

America .

The name panorama, or panoramic view, is also given to rawings of views from See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain peaks or other points of view, uch as are found in many hotels in the See also:

• ALPS

Alps, or, a smaller See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale, in See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide-books to See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and other mountainous districts . In See also:

• PHOTOGRAPHY (Gr. bias, light, and ypa w, to write)
• PHOTOGRAPHY, CELESTIAL

photography a panoramic See also:

• CAMERA (a Latin adaptation of Gr. Kagapa, an arched chamber)

camera is one which enables a wide picture to be taken .