See also:

• BRUNO (BRUN, BRUNS) OF QUERFURT, SAINT (c. 975-1009)
• BRUNO, GIORDANO (c. 1548-1600)
• BRUNO, or BRUN (925–965)
• BRUNO, SAINT

BRUNO PAULIN GASTON See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• BRUNO PAULIN GASTON PARIS (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

PARIS (1839-1903)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, son of Paulin See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Avenay (See also:

• MARNE

Marne) on the 9th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1839 . In his childhood Gaston Paris learned to appreciate the Old French romances as poems and stories, and this See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early impulse to the study of See also:

• ROMANCE

Romance literature was placed on a solid basis by courses of study at See also:

• BONN

Bonn (1856-1857) under See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich See also:

• DIEZ
• DIEZ, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN (1794–1876)

Diez, at See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen (1857-1858) and finally at the Ecole See also:

• DES

des Chartes (1858-1861) . His first important See also:

• WORK

work was an Etude sur le role de l'See also:

• ACCENT

accent latin clans la langue frangaise (1862) . The subject was See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed later in his Lettre d M . See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon See also:

• GAUTIER
• GAUTIER, EMILE THEODORE LEON (1832-1897)
• GAUTIER, THEOPHILE (1811-1872)

Gautier sur la versification latine rhythmique (1866) . Gaston Paris maintained that French versification was a natural development of popular Latin methods which depended on accent rather than quantity, and were as widely different from classical rules as the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Latin was from the classical See also:

• IDIOM (Gr. t&%wµa, something peculiar and personal; lbws, one's own, personal)

idiom.' For his degree as See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor he presented a thesis on the Histoire poetique de See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne (1865) . He succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father as See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval French literature at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in 1872; in 1876 he was admitted to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions and in 1886 to the French Academy; and in 1895 he was appointed director of the College de France . Gaston Paris won a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European reputation as a Romance scholar . He had learnt See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German methods of exact See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, but besides being an accurate philologist he was a See also:

• LITERARY

literary critic of See also:

• GREAT

great acumen and breadth of view, and brought a singularly clear mind to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear on his favourite study of medieval French literature . His See also:

• VIE

Vie de See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• ALEXIS
• ALEXIS, WILLIBALD

Alexis (1872) See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke new ground and provided a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model for future editors of medieval texts . It included the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text and the See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations of it dating from the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries . Gaston Paris contributed largely to the Histoire litteraire de la France, and with See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer published Romania, a See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal devoted to the study of Romance literature .

Among his other numerous See also:

• WORKS

works may be mentioned See also:

• LES

Les Plus anciens monuments de la langue frangaise (1875); a See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel d'ancien See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

Francais (1888); an edition of the Mystere de la See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion d'Arnoul Greban (1878), in collaboration with M . Gaston Raynaud; Delve redactions du See also:

• ROMAN

roman des See also:

• SEPT

Sept sages de See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome (1876); a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Grammaire des langues See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

romans (1874-1878) of Friedrich Diez, in collaboration with MM . Brachet and See also:

• MOREL

Morel-Fatio . Among his works of a more popular nature are La Poesie du moyen dge (1885 and 189J); Penseurs et pates (1897); Fames et legendes du moyen dge (1900); See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois See also:

• VILLON, FRANCOIS (1431-c. 1463)

Villon (1901), an admirable monograph contributed to the " Grande Ecrivains Francais " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series; Legendes du moyen dge (1903) . His excellent See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of medieval French literature forms a See also:

• VOLUME

volume of the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple Primers . Gaston Paris endeared himself to a wide circle of scholars outside his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by his unfailing urbanity and generosity . In France itself he trained at the Ecole des Chartes and the College de France a See also:

• BAND

band of disciples who continued the traditions of exact research that he established . Among them were: See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold See also:

• PANNIER (Fr. panier, Lat. panarium, a basket for carrying bread, panis)

Pannier; See also:

• MARIUS, GAIUS (r55–86 B.c.)

Marius Sepet, the author of Le Drame chretien au moyen dge . (1878) and of the Origines catholiques du See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre moderne (1901); See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Joret; See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred Morel-Fatio; Gaston Raynaud, who is responsible for various volumes of the excellent See also:

• EDITIONS

editions published by the Societe des anciens textes frangais; Arsene See also:

• DARMESTETER, JAMES (1849-1894)

Darmesteter and others . Gaston Paris died in Paris on the 6th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1903 . See " Hommage a Gaston Paris " (1903), the opening lecture of his successor, See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Bedier, in the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of medieval literature at the College de France; A . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, Essais de philologie frangaise (1897); W .

P . Kee, in the Fortnightly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (See also:

• JULY

July . *904); M . Croiset, See also:

• NOTICE

Notice sur Gaston Paris (1904) ; J . Bedier et M . Roques, Bibliographie des travaux de Gaston Paris (1904) .