See also:

• SIR

SIR HARRY See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

SMITH See also:

• SIR HARRY SMITH PARKES (1828-1885)
• PARKES, SIR HENRY (1815–1896)

PARKES (1828-1885)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English diplomatist, son of Harry See also:

• PARKES, SIR HARRY SMITH (1828-1885)
• PARKES, SIR HENRY (1815–1896)

Parkes, founder of the See also:

• FIRM

firm of Parkes, See also:

• OTWAY, THOMAS (1652-1685)

Otway & Co., ironmasters, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Birchills See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, near See also:

• WALSALL

Walsall in See also:

• STAFFORDSHIRE

Staffordshire, in 1828 . When but four years old his See also:

• MOTHER

mother died and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year his See also:

• FATHER

father was killed in a See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident . Being thus See also:

• LEFT

left an See also:

• ORPHAN

orphan, he found a See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, a retired See also:

• NAVAL

naval officer, at See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham . He received his See also:

• EDUCATION

education at See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward's See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

Grammar School . In 1837 his uncle died, and in 1841 he sailed for See also:

• MACAO (A-Ma-ngao, " Harbour of the goddess A-Ma "; Port. Macau)

Macao in See also:

• CHINA

China, to take up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin, Mrs See also:

• GUTZLAFF, KARL FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1803–1851)

Gutzlaff . At this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time what was known as the " See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

Opium See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War " had broken out, and Parkes eagerly prepared himself to take See also:

• PART

part in the events which were passing around him by diligently applying himself to the study of See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese . In 1842 he received his first See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in the consular service . Fortunately for him, he was privileged to accompany See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• POTTINGER, ELDRED (1811—1843)

Pottinger in his expedition up the Yangtsze-kiang to See also:

• NANKING (" the southern capital ")

Nanking, and after having taken part in the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CHINKIANG

Chinkiang and the surrender of Nanking, he witnessed the See also:

• SIGNING

signing of the treaty on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board the " See also:

• CORNWALLIS, CHARLES CORNWALLIS
• CORNWALLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1744-1819)

Cornwallis " in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1842 . By this treaty the five ports of See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton, See also:

• AMOY

Amoy, See also:

• FUCHOW

Fuchow, Ningpo and See also:

• SHANGHAI

Shanghai were opened to See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . After See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short residences at Canton and the newly opened Amoy, Parkes was appointed to the consulate at Fuchow . Here he served under Mr (afterwards Sir) See also:

• RUTHERFORD, MARK
• RUTHERFORD, WILLIAM GUNION (1853–1907)

Rutherford See also:

• ALCOCK, JOHN (c. 1430–1500)
• ALCOCK, SIR RUTHERFORD (1809–1897)

Alcock, who was one of the few Englishmen who knew how to See also:

• MANAGE

manage the Chinese . In 1849 he returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England on leave, and after visiting the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

Continent and doing some hard See also:

• WORK

work for the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he returned to China in 1851 .

After a short stay at Amoy as interpreter he was transferred in the same capacity to Canton . In May 1854 he was promoted to be See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul at Amoy, and in 1855 was chosen as secretary to the See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• BANGKOK

Bangkok, being largely instrumental in negotiating the first See also:

• EUROPEAN

European treaty with See also:

• SIAM (known to its inhabitants as Muang Thai)

Siam . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1856 he returned to Canton as acting consul, a position which brought him into renewed contact with See also:

• COMMISSIONER

Commissioner Yeh, whose insolence and obstinacy led to the second China War . Yeh had now met a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of even greater See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and determination than himself, and when, in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1856, as a See also:

• CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525–600 A.D.)

climax to many outrages, Yeh seized the See also:

• BRITISH

British lorcha " Arrow " and made prisoners of her See also:

• CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
• CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)

crew, Parkes at once closed with his enemy . In response to a strongly worded despatch from Parkes, Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BOWRING, SIR JOHN (1792-1872)

Bowring, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Hong-See also:

• KONG

Kong, placed matters in the hands of See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral Sir M . See also:

• SEYMOUR
• SEYMOUR, HORATIO (1810-1886)
• SEYMOUR, or ST MAUR
• SEYMOUR, THOMAS

Seymour, who took Canton at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month but had not a sufficient force to hold it . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1857 Canton was again bombarded by Admiral Seymour . Parkes, who was attached to the admiral's See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff, was the first man to enter the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and himself tracked down and arrested Commissioner Yeh . As the city was to be held, an allied See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission was appointed to govern it, consisting of two Englishmen, of whom one was Parkes, and a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French naval officer . Parkes virtually governed this city of a million inhabitants for three years . Meanwhile the treacherous attack at Taku upon Sir See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce led to a renewal of hostilities in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, and Parkes was ordered up to serve as interpreter and adviser to See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin (See also:

• JULY

July,186o) . In pursuance of these duties he went in advance of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army to the city of Tungchow, near See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking, to arrange a See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting between Lord Elgin and the Chinese commissioners who had been appointed to draw up the preliminaries of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace .

While thus engaged he, Mr (afterwards Lord) See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch, Mr de See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman, Lord Elgin's secretary of See also:

• LEGATION (Lat. legalio, a sending or mission)

legation, Mr Bowlby, the Times correspondent, and others, were treacherously taken prisoners (See also:

• SEPT

Sept . 18, 186o) . Parkes and Loch were carried off to the See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison of the board of punishments at Peking, where they were separately herded with the lowest class of criminals . After ten days' confinement in this den of iniquity they were removed to a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple in the city, where they were comfortably housed and fed, and from which, after a further detention, they were granted their See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty . For this See also:

• SIGNAL

signal instance of treachery Lord Elgin burned down the Summer See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor . Towards the end of 186o Parkes returned to his See also:

• POST

post at Canton . On the restoration (Oct . 1861) of the city to the Chinese he returned to England on leave, when he was made K.C.B. for his services; he had received the companionship of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in r86o . On his return to China he served for a short time as consul at Shanghai, and was then appointed See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister in See also:

• JAPAN

Japan (1865) . For eighteen years he held this post, and throughout that time he strenuously used his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in support of the Liberal party of Japan . So 'earnestly did he throw in his See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot with these reformers that he became a marked man, and incurred the See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter hostility of the reactionaries, who on three See also:

• SEPARATE

separate occasions attempted to assassinate him . In 1882 he was transferred to Peking .

While in Peking his See also:

• HEALTH

health failed, and he died of malarial See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever on the 21st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1885 . In 1856 Sir H . (then Mr) Parkes married See also:

• MISS

Miss Fanny Plumer, who died in 1879 . The See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• LIFE

Life is by See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane-See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole (1894) . (R . K .