See also:

• PAROS, or PARO

PAROS, or PARO  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• AEGEAN

Aegean See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, one of the largest of the See also:

• GROUP

group of the See also:

• CYCLADES

Cyclades, with a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of 8000 . It lies to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• NAXOS

Naxos, from which it is separated by a channel about 6 m. broad, and with which it is now grouped together, in popular See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, under the See also:

• COMMON

common name of Paronaxia . It is in 370 N. See also:

• LAT

lat. and 25° 10' E. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . Its greatest length from N.E. to S.W. is 13 m., and its greatest breadth so m . It is formed of a single See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain about 2500 ft. high, sloping evenly down on all sides to a maritime See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, which is broadest on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-west sides . The island is composed of See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble, though See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss and See also:

• MICA

mica-schist are to be found in a few places . The See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, Paroekia or Parikia (See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian, Parechia), situated on a See also:

• BAY

bay on the north-west See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the island, occupies the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient capital See also:

• PAROS, or PARO

Paros . Its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour admits small vessels; the entrance is dangerous on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of rocks . Houses built in the Italian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style with terraced See also:

• ROOFS

roofs, shadowed by luxuriant vines, and surrounded by gardens of oranges and pomegranates, give to the See also:

• TOWN

town a picturesque and pleasing aspect . Here on a See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock beside the sea are the remains of a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle built almost entirely of ancient marble remains . Similar traces of antiquity in the shape of bas-reliefs, See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, columns, &c., are numerous in the town, and on a See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace to the south of it is a See also:

• PRECINCT (from Lat. praecingere, to encircle, enclose, surround, prae and cingere, to gird)

precinct of Asclepius . Outside the town is the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of Katapoliani ('H `EKarovraavXtasil), said to have been founded by the empress See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena; there are two adjoining churches, one of very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, and also a See also:

• BAPTISTERY (Baptislerium, in the Greek Church 4wrurrilpiov)

baptistery with a cruciform See also:

• FONT (Lat. fans, " fountain " or " spring," Ital. fonte, Fr. les fonts)

font .

On the north side of the island is the bay of Naoussa (Naussa) or Agoussa, forming a safe and roomy harbour . In ancient times it was closed by a See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain or See also:

• BOOM

boom . Another See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good harbour is that of Drios on the south-east side, where the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• FLEET

fleet used to See also:

• ANCHOR (from the Greek ayrcvpa, which Vossius considers is from 6yi17 , a crook or hook)

anchor on its See also:

• ANNUAL

annual voyage through the Aegean . The three villages of Tragoulas, See also:

• MARMORA (anc. Proconnesus)
• MARMORA, SEA OF (anc. Propontis; Turk. Mermer Denisi)

Marmora and Kepidi (KrlaiSt, pronounced Tschipidi), situated on an open plain on the eastern side of the island, and See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in remains of antiquity, probably occupy the site of an ancient town . They are known together as the " villages of Kephalos," from the steep and lofty headland of Kephalos . On this headland stands an abandoned monastery of St See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony, amidst the ruins of a medieval castle, which belonged to the Venetian See also:

• FAMILY

family of the Venieri, and was gallantly though fruitlessly defended against the Turkish See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• BARBAROSSA ("Redbeard")

Barbarossa in 1537 . Parian marble, which is See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white and semi-transparent, with a coarse See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and a very beautiful texture, was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief source of See also:

• WEALTH

wealth to the island . The celebrated marble quarries See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern side of the mountain anciently known as Marpessa (afterwards Capresso), a little below a former See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of St See also:

• MINA, FRANCISCO ESPOZ Y (1781-1836)

Mina . The marble, which was exported from the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C., and used by See also:

• PRAXITELES

Praxiteles and other See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek sculptors, was obtained by means of subterranean quarries driven See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon-See also:

• TALLY

tally or at a descending See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle into the rock, and the marble thus quarried by lamplight got the name of Lychnites, Lychneus (from lychnos, a See also:

• LAMP (from Gr. Xag ras, a torch, Xaµaav, to shine)

lamp), or Lygdos (Piin . H . N. See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi . 5, 14; See also:

• PLATO

Plato, Eryxias, 400 D; Athen. v .

2050; Diod . Sic . 2, 52) . Several of these tunnels are still to be seen . At the entrance to one of them is a bas-See also:

• RELIEF

relief dedicated to See also:

• PAN (" pasturer ")
• PAN (common in various forms to many Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Pfanne; it is generally taken to be an early adaptation in a shortened form of Lat. patina, shallow bowl or dish, from patere, to lie open)

Pan and the See also:

• NYMPHS

Nymphs . Several attempts to See also:

• WORK

work the marble have been made in See also:

• MODERN

modern times, but it has not been exported in any great quantities . See also:

• HISTORY

History.--The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that Paros was colonized by one Paros of Parrhasia, who brought with him a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of Arcadians to the island (Heraclides, De rubus publicis, 8; Steph . Byz. s.v . Hapos), is one of those etymologizing See also:

• FICTIONS

fictions in which Greek See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend abounds . Ancient names of the island are said to have been Plateia (or Pactia), Demetrias, Zacynthus, Hyria, Hyleessa, Minoa and Cabarnis (Steph . Byz.) . From See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens the island afterwards received a colony of See also:

• IONIANS

Ionians (Schol .

Dienys . Per . 525; cf . See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod. i . 171), under whom it attained a high degree of prosperity . It sent out colonies to See also:

• THASOS

Thasos (Thus. iv . 1e4; See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo, 487) and Parium on the See also:

• HELLESPONT (i.e. " Sea of Helle "; variously named in classical literature `EXX oirov-ros, o "EXXns a6vros, Hellespontum Pelagus, and Rectum Hellesponticum)

Hellespont . In the former colony, which was planted in the 15th or 18th See also:

• OLYMPIAD

Olympiad, the poet See also:

• ARCHILOCHUS

Archilochus, native of Paros, is said to have taken See also:

• PART

part . As See also:

• LATE

late as 385 B.C. the Parians, in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with See also:

• DIONYSIUS
• DIONYSIUS (c. 432–367 B.C.)

Dionysius of See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, founded a colony on the Illyrian island of Pharos (Diod . Sic. xv . 13) . So high was the reputation of the Parians that they were chosen by the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus to arbitrate in a party dispute (Herod. v .

28 seq.) . Shortly before the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War Paros seems to have been a dependency of Naxos (Herod. v . 31) . In the Persian War Paros sided with the Persians and sent a trireme to See also:

• MARATHON

Marathon to support them . In See also:

• RETALIATION

retaliation, the capital Paros was besieged by an Athenian fleet under See also:

• MILTIADES

Miltiades, who,demanded a See also:

• FINE

fine of too talents . But the town offered a vigorous resistance, and the Athenians were obliged to See also:

• SAIL

sail away after a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of twenty-six days, during which they had laid the island See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste . It was at a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• DEMETER

Demeter Thesmophorus in Paros that Miltiades received the See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound of which he afterwards died (Herod.. vi . 133–136) . By means of an inscription See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross was enabled to identify the site of the temple; it lies, in agreement with the description of See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, on a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill beyond the boundaries of the town . Paros also sided with See also:

• XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes against See also:

• GREECE

Greece, but after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Artemisium the Parian contingent remained in Cythnos watching the progress of events (Herod, -viii . 67) . For this unpatriotic conduct the islanders were punished by See also:

• THEMISTOCLES (c. 514-449 B.C.)

Themistocles, who exacted a heavy fine (Herod. viii .

112) . Under the Athenian See also:

• NAVAL

naval confederacy, Paros paid the highest See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of all the islands subject to Athens -30 talents annually, according to the See also:

• ASSESSMENT, (from Lat. assessare, to sit beside, to judge)

assessment of Olymp . 88, 4 (429 B.C.) . Little is known of the constitution of Paros, but inscriptions seem to show that it was democratic, with a See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate (See also:

• BOOLE, GEORGE (1815-1864)

Boole.) at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of affairs (Corpus inscript . 2376–2383; Ross, hater. fined. ii . 147, 148) . In 410 B.C. the Athenian general See also:

• THERAMENES (d. 4o3 B.c.)

Theramenes found an See also:

• OLIGARCHY (Gr. oXiyot, few, apxil, rule)

oligarchy at Paros; he deposed it and restored the See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy (Diod . Sic. xiii . 47) . Paros was included in the new Athenian confederacy of 378 B.C., but afterwards, along with See also:

• CHIOS

Chios, it renounced its connexion with Athens, probably about 357 B.C . Thence-forward the island lost its See also:

• POLITICAL

political importance . From the inscription of Adule we learn that the Cyclades, and consequently Paros, were subject to the See also:

• PTOLEMIES

Ptolemies of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt .

Afterwards they passed under the See also:

• RULE

rule of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . When the Latins made themselves masters of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, Paros, like the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, became subject to See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . In 1537 it was conquered by the See also:

• TURKS

Turks . The island now belongs to the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Greece . Among the most interesting discoveries made in the island is the Parian See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle (q.v.) . See See also:

• TOURNEFORT, JOSEPH PITTON DE (1656-1708)

Tournefort, Voyage du See also:

• LEVANT

Levant, i . 232 seq . (See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, 1717) ; See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke, Travels, iii . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 18'4); See also:

• LEAKE, WILLIAM MARTIN (1777-186o)

Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, iii . 84 seq . (London, '835); Prokesch, Denkwurdigkeiten, ii . 19 seq .

(See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1836) ; Ross . Reisen auf den griechischen Inseln, i . 44 seq . (Stuttgart, and See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, ,84o) ; Fiedler, Reise durch alle Theile See also:

• DES

des Konigreiches Griechenland, u . 179 seq . (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1841); See also:

• BURSIAN, CONRAD (1830–1883)

Bursian, Geographie von Griechenland, ii . 483 seq . (Leipzig, 1872) . For the Parian Chronicle, Inscriptions graecae, xii. See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo sqq .