PASHA  , also written " pasha " and formerly " pashaw," &c., a See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to that of See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

bey (q.v.), See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by persons of high See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank and placed after the name . It is in the See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift, of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey and, by delegation, ?of the See also:

• KHEDIVE

khedive of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt . The title appears, originally, to have been bestowed exclusively upon military commanders, but it is now given to any high See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official, and also to unofficial persons whom it is desired to See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . It is conferred indifferently upom Moslems and Christians, and is frequently given to foreigners in the service of the See also:

• TURKS

Turks or Egyptians . Pashas are of three grades, formerly distinguished by the number of See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-tails (three, two and one respectively) which they were entitled to display as symbols of authority when on See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign . A pashalik is a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province governed by or under the See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of a pasha . The word is variously derived from the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian padshah, Turkish See also:

• PADISHAH

padishah, See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king or See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, and from the Turkish bash, in some dialects gash, a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, &c . In old Turkish there was no fixed distinction between b and p . As first used in western See also:

• EUROPE

Europe the title was written with the initial b . The See also:

• ENGLISH

English forms bashaw, bassaw, bucha, &c., See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in the 16th and 17th centuries, were derived through the med . See also:

• LAT

Lat. and Ital. See also:

• BASSA

bassa .