See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

ETIENNE See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

DENIS See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• ETIENNE DENIS PASQUIER

PASQUIER  , Dunn (1767-1862), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 22nd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1767 . Descended from a See also:

• FAMILY

family which had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been distinguished at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar and in connexion with the parlements of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, he was destined for the legal profession and was educated at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of Juilly . He then became a counsellor of the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and witnessed many of the incidents that marked the growing hostility between that See also:

• BODY

body and See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVI. in the years preceding the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 . His views were those of a moderate reformer, who desired to renovate but not to end the institutions of the old See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy; and his See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs set forth in a favourable See also:

• LIGHT

light the actions of that parlement, the existence of which was soon to be terminated amid the See also:

• POLITICAL

political storms of the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• YEAR

year 1789 . For some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and especially during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794), See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS

Pasquier remained in obscurity; but this did not See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save him from See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest in the year 1794 . He was thrown into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison shortly before the coup d'etat of See also:

• THERMIDOR (from Gr. BEpµrt, heat, and & pov, gift)

Thermidor (See also:

• JULY

July 1794) which overthrew See also:

• ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre . In the reaction in favour of See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government which ensued Pasquier regained his See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty and his estates . He did not re-enter the public service until the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, when the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor See also:

• CAMBACERES, JEAN JACQUES REGIS DE

Cambaceres used his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon to procure for him the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of " maitre See also:

• DES

des requetes " to the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . In 1809 he became See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron of the French Empire, and in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1810 counsellor of state . Napoleon in 1810 made him See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief event which ruffled the course of his See also:

• LIFE

life at that time was the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy of the republican See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• MALET, LUCAS

Malet (Oct . 1812), who, giving out that Napoleon had perished in See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, managed to surprise and See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture some of the ministers and other authorities at Paris, among them Pasquier .

The collapse of this bold See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt enabled him, however, speedily to regain his liberty . When Napoleon abdicated in April 1814 Pasquier continued to exercise his functions for a few days in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to preserve order, and then resigned the prefecture of police, whereupon Louis XVIII. allotted to him the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of roads and See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges . He took no See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the imperial restoration at the time of the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days (1815), and after the second entry of Louis XVIII. into Paris he became See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior, but finding it impossible to See also:

• WORK

work with the hot-headed royalists of the Chamber of Deputies (La Cliambre introuvable), he resigned office . Under the more moderate ministers of succeeding years he again held various appointments, but refused to join the reactionary cabinets of the close of the reign of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles X . After the July Revolution (1830) he became See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Chamber of Peers —a See also:

• POST

post which he held through the whole of the reign of Louis Philippe (183o-1848) . In 1842 he was elected a member of the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and in the same year was created a See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke . After the overthrow of Louis Philippe in February 1848, Pasquier retired from active life and set to work to compile the notes and reminiscences of his long and active career . He died in 1862 . See Memoires du Chancelier Pasquier (6 vols., Paris, 1893—1895; partly translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English, 4 vols., See also:

• LONDON

London, 1893—1894) . Also L. de Vieilcastel, Histoire de la Restauration, vols. i.–iv . (J . Hi .