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PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

PASTORAL EPISTLES

PASTORAL LETTER

PATAN (_" city ")

PATARENES, or PATARELLI

PATAVIUM (mod. Padova, Eng. Padua, q.v.)

FRAMJEE NASARWANJEE PATEL (1804-1894)

PATEN (through the Fr. from Lat. patina or paten, Gr. aaravq, a flat dish)

JULES PATENOTRE DES NOYERS (1845– )

PATENTS OF PRECEDENCE

WALTER HORATIO PATER (1839-1894)

ROBERT PATERSON (1715-1801)

WILLIAM PATERSON (1658-1719)

JANET MONACH PATEY (1842-1894)

PATHOLOGY (from Gr. raBos, suffering)

PATIALA, or PUTTIALA

PATINA (probably from the Latin word for a flat dish, from patere, to lie open; cf. " paten ")

JOHANN REINHOLD PATKUL (1660-1707)

COVENTRY KERSEY DIGHTON PATMORE (1823-1896)

JOHN BROWN PATON (1830- )

SIR JOSEPH NOEL PATON (1821-1901)

PATRAS (Gr. Patrai)

PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

PATRICIANS (Lat. patricius, an adjectival form from pater, father; not, as some say, from pater and ciere, to call)

PATRICK DUNBAR (1285-1369)

PATRICK FRASER TYTLER (1791-1849)

SIMON PATRICK (1626–1707)

FRANCESCO PATRIZZI (FRANCISCUS PATRITIUS) (1529-1597)

PATROCLES (c. 312–261 B.C.)

PATROL (Fr. patrouiller, connected with pane, foot)

PATRON AND CLIENT (Lat. patronus, from pater, father; clientes or cluentes, from cluere, to obey)

PATTEN (adapted from Fr. patin, in modern usage meaning a " skate "; Med. Lat. patinus, Ital. pattino, of unknown origin; cf. patte, paw)

ADELINA JUAKA MARIA [BARONESS CEDERSTROM] PATTI (1843- )

MARK PATTISON (1813-1884)

FRANCIS LANDEY PATTON (1843- )

PAUL OF SAMOSATA

PAUL VERONESE (1528-1588)

PAUL WENTWORTH (1533-1593)

JAMES KIRKE PAULDING (1778-186o)

REINHOLD PAULI (1823-1882)

PAULINUS (d. 644)

GAIUS SUETONIUS PAULINUS (1st century A.D.)

FRIEDRICH PAULSEN (1846-1908)

PAULUS (older form PAur.Lus), LUCIUS AEMILIUS

PAULUS DIACONUS, or WARNEERIDI

HEINRICH PAULUS

TUAMOTU PAUMOTU

JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE PAUNCEFOTE

PAUPERISM (Lat. pauper, poor)

PAVEMENT (Lat. pavimentu;n, a floor beaten or rammed hard, from pavire, to beat)

PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

MANUEL PAVIA Y ALBUQUERQUE (1828-1895)

PAVIS, or PAVISE

PAVLOVO POSAD, or VOKHNA

PAWNBROKING (O. Fr. pan, pledge, piece, from Lat. pannus; for " broking " see BROKER)

PAWNEE (perhaps from the native word fer " horn," in allusion to their scalping lock, which was " dressed " so as to stand straight up)

PAX (Lat. for " peace ")

SIR JOSEPH PAXTON (1801-1865)

PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

PAYMENT OF MEMBERS

JAMES PAYN (1830-1898)

PETER PAYNE (c. 138o-1455)

PAYNTER (or PAINTER), WILLIAM (c. 1540-1594)

PAYSANDU, or PAISANOU

EDWARD PAYSON (1783–1827)

MARIANO FELIPE PAZ SOLDAN (1821-1886)

PETER PAZMANY (1570–1637)

ANDREW PRESTON PEABODY (1811–1893)

ELIZABETH PALMER PEABODY (1804-1894)

GEORGE PEABODY (1795-1869)

PEACE CONFERENCES

BREACH OF THE PEACE

CHARLES WILLIAM PEACH (1800-1886)

HENRY PEACHAM (c. 1576-c. 1643)

PEACOCK (Lat. Pavo, O. Eng. Pawe, Du. pauuw, Ger. Pfau, Fr. Paon)

GEORGE PEACOCK (1791–1858)

SIR BARNES PEACOCK (1810-189o)

THOMAS LOVE PEACOCK (1785-1866)

CHARLES WILLSON PEALE (1741-1826)

REMBRANDT PEALE (1778–1860)

PEAR (Pyrus communis)

CHARLES SPRAGUE PEARCE (1851– )

ROBERT LUCAS DE PEARSALL (1795-1856)

CHARLES HENRY PEARSON (1830-1894)

JOHN PEARSON (1612-1686)

JOHN LOUGHBOROUGH PEARSON (1817-1897)

ROBERT EDWIN PEARY (1856- )

PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

EDWARD PEASE (1767–1858)

PEAT (possibly connected with Med. Lat. petia, pecia, piece, ultimately of Celtic origin; cf. O. Celt. pet, O. Ir. pit, Welsh peth, portion)

KARL FREDRIK PECHLIN (1720-1796)

JOHN PECKHAM (d. 1292)

PECOCK (or PEACOCK), REGINALD (c. 1395-c. 1460)

PECORA (plural of Lat. pecus, cattle)

PECS (Ger. Funfkirchen)

PECULIAR PEOPLE

ALEXANDER PEDEN (c. 1626-1686)

CHRISTIERN PEDERSEN (c. 1480-1554)

PEDESTAL (Fr. piedestal, Ital. piedestallo, foot of a stall)

PEDICULOSIS, or PHT11IRIASIS

PEDIMENT (equivalents, Gr. &ros, Lat. fastigium, Fr. ponton)

PEDOMETER (Lat. pes, foot, and Gr. ii-pov, measure)

PEEBLESSHIRE, or TWEEDDALE

1ST VISCOUNT ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL PEEL (1829- )

BART SIR ROBERT PEEL

GEORGE PEELE (1558-c. 1598)

PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

PETRUS HOFMAN PEERLKAMP (1786-1865)

ALEXEY FEOFILACTOVICH PEESEMSKY (182o-1881)

PEGASUS (from Gr. lrgyor, compact, strong)

PEGMATITE (from Gr. 1r3 y ea, a bond)

FRANCESCO BALDUCCI PEGOLOTTI (fl. 1315-1340)

JOHN PEILE (1838-1910)

PEINE FORTE ET DURE (French for " hard and severe punishment ")

PEIPUS, or CHUDSKOYE OZERO

PEIRAEUS, or PIRAEUS (Gr. Hetpaceur)

BENJAMIN PEIRCE (1809-188o)

PEIRESKIA ACULEATA

PEISISTRATUS (605?–527 B.c.)

PEKING, or PEKIN

PELAGIUS (c. 360- c. 420)

PELEW ISLANDS (Ger. Palauinseln, also Palao)

HENRY PELHAM (1696-1754)

HENRY FRANCIS PELHAM (1846-1907)

PELICAN (Fr. Pelican; Lat. Pelecanus or Pelicanus)

PELISSE (through the Fr. from Lat. pellicia: sc. vestis, a garment made of fur, pellis, skin)

AIMABLE JEAN JACQUES PELISSIER (1794-1864)

JOHN PELL (16so-1685)

PELLAGRA (Ital. pelle agra, smarting skin)

CHARLES CAMILLE PELLETAN (1846– )

CONRAD PELLICANUS (1478-1556)

GUILLAUME PELLICIER (c. 1490-1568)

SILVIO PELLICO (1788-1854)

PAUL PELLISSON (1624—1693)

LUIGI PELLOUX (1839— )

PELOPIDAS (d. 364 B.C.)

PELOPONNESIAN WAR

PELOPONNESUS (" Island of Pelops ")

PELOTA (Sp. " little ball," from Lat. piles)

THEOPHILE JULES PELOUZE (1807-1867)

JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE PELTIER (1785-1845)

PELVIS (Lat. for " basin," cf. Gr. 7rEX?a )

PEMBROKE (Penfro)

PEMBROKE DOCK (formerly known as Pater, or Paterchurch)

EARLS OF PEMBROKE

PEMBROKESHIRE (Sir Benfro, Dyfed)

PEMPHIGUS (Gr. rrEµ¢eE, a bubble)

PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

PENANG (Pulau Pinang, i.e. Areca-nut Island),

PENATES (from Lat. palms, eatables, food)

PENCIL (Lat. penicillus, brush, literally little tail)

PENDANT (through Fr. from Lat. pendere, to hang)

SIR JOHN PENDER (1816—1896)

PENDLESIDE SERIES

EDMUND PENDLETON (1721—1803)

GEORGE HUNT PENDLETON (1825—1889)

WILLIAM PENGELLY (1812-1894)

SAMUEL PENHALLOW (1665—1726)

SIR ISAAC PENINGTON (c. 1587-1661)

PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

PENINSULAR WAR (1808–14)

PENITENTIAL (Lat. poenitentiale, libellus poenitentialis, &c.)

PENITENTIARY (med. Lat. poenitentiarius, from poenitentia, penance, poena, punishment, a term used both as adjective and substantive, referring either to the means of repentance or that of punishment. In its ecclesiastical use the word is used as the equi

WILLIAM SYDNEY PENLEY (1852– )

WILLIAM PENN (1621–1670)

WILLIAM PENN (1644-1718)

THOMAS PENNANT (1726-1798)

PENNAR, or PENNER

JOSEPH PENNELL (186o– )

PENNSYLVANIA GOVERNORS

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. " pawn,". the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with G

GIANFRANCESCO PENNY (1488–1528)

PENOLOGY (Lat. poena, punishment)

GEORGE SHOLTO GORDON PENRHYN

JOHN PENRY (1559-1593)

PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

PENTASTOMIDA, or LINGUATULINA

PENTELICUS (Bpr.Anvvbs, or Ilevee LKOv opoc from the deme HEveiXn; mod. Mendeli)

COUNTS OF PENTHILVRE

PENUMBRA (Lat. paene, almost, umbra, a shadow)

PEONAGE (Span. peon; M. Lat. pedo (pes)

GUGLIELMO PEPE (1783-1855)

WILLIAM PEPPER (1843–1898)

SIR WILLIAM PEPPERRELL (1696-1759)

JOHN CHRISTOPHER PEPUSCH (1667-1752)

SAMUEL PEPYS (1633-1703)

PERCENTAGES OF AIR PRESSURE AT VARIOUS

PERCEPTION (from Lat. percipere, to perceive)

SPENCER PERCEVAL (1762-1812)

PERCEVAL, or PERCYVELLE (Ger. Parzival, Fr. Perlesvaus, Welsh, Peredur)

PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)

PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

JAMES GATES PERCIVAL

SIR HENRY PERCY

THOMAS PERCY (1729-1811)

THOMAS PERCY (c. 156o-16os)

JOSE MARIA DE PEREDA (1833—1906)

PEREGRINUS PROTEUS (2nd cent. A.D.)

PEREYASLAVL (called Zalyeskiy, or " Beyond the Forest," to distinguish it from the older town in Poltava after which it was named)

BENITO PEREZ GALDOS (1845– )

ANTONIO PEREZ (c. 1540-1611)

PERFUMERY (Lat. per, through, and fumare, to smoke)

PERGA (mod. Murtana)

PERGAMENEOUS (Lat. pergamena, parchment)

PERGAMUM, or PERGAMTS (mod. Bergama)

PERGOLA (Lat. pergula, a projecting roof, shed, from perget , to reach forward, project)

PERGOLESI (or PERGOLESE), GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1710-1736)

MICHAEL ANGELO PERGOLESI

JACOPO PERI (1561–16 ?)

PERIANDER (Gr. IIepiavSpos)

PERICLES (49o-429 B.C.)

CASIMIR PIERRE PERIER (1777-1832)

PERIGEE (Gr. zrepi, near, 'A', the earth)

PERIHELION (Gr. reg., near, titXLor, sun)

PERINO DEL VAGA

PERINO DEL VAGA (1500-1547)

PERINTHUS (Turk. Eski Eregli, old Heraclea)

PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

PERIOECI (IrEpi00KOI, those who dwell around, in the neighbourhood)

PERIPATETICS (from Gr. aEptIrareiv, to walk about)

PERIPTERAL (Gr. irepi, round, and 7rTep6v, a wing)

PERISSODACTYLA (i.e. odd-toed)

PERISTYLE (Gr. wept, round, and oriaos, column)

PERIZONIUS (or ACCINCTUS)

PERJURY (through the Anglo-Fr. perjurie, modern parjure, Lat. perjurium, a false oath, perjurare, to swear falsely)

SIR WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN (1838-1907)

CHARLES CALLAHAN PERKINS (1823-1886)

JACOB PERKINS (1766-1849)

PERLITE, or PEARLSTONE

MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY

PERNAU (in Russ. Pernov and in Esthonian Pernolin)

ANDREW PERNE (c. 1519-1589)

PEROVSKITE, or PEROFSKITE

JOHN JAMES STEWART PEROWNE (1823—1904)

PEROZ (Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Perozes, Procop. Pers. i. 3 and Agath. iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Feroz, Firuz, cf. FIRUZABAD)

PERPENDICULAR PERIOD

PERPENT, or PARPENT STONES

PERPETUAL MOTION, or PERPETUUM MOBILE

PERPETUITY (Lat. perpetuus, continuous)

PERQUISITE (Lat. perquisitum, that which has been acquired by careful search; perquirere, to search diligently)