PATINA (probably from the Latin word for a

See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat dish, from patere, to

See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie open; cf. "

See also:

• PATEN (through the Fr. from Lat. patina or paten, Gr. aaravq, a flat dish)

paten ")  , a thin coating or incrustation which forms on the surface of bronze after exposure to the air or burial in the ground . It is looked on as a great addition to the beauty of the bronze, especially when it is of the green colour found on antique bronzes (see BRONZE) . By extension, the word is applied to the discoloured or incrusted surface of marble, flint, &c., acquired after long burial in the ground or exposure to the air, and also to the special colour given to wood surfaces by time . PATIfO, JOSE or JOSEF (1666-1736), Spanish statesman, was born at Milan, on the firth of April 1666 . His father, Don Lucas Patino de Ibarra, Senor de Castelar, who was by origin a Galician, was a member of the privy council and inspector of the troops in the duchy of Milan for the king of Spain, to whom it then. belonged . His mother's maiden name was Beatrice de Rosales y Facini . The Patine, family were strong supporters of the Bourbon dynasty in the War of the Spanish Succession . The elder brother Baltasar, afterwards marquis of Castelar, had a distinguished career as a diplomatist, and his son Lucas was a general of some note . Jose Patino, who had been intended for the priesthood but adopted a secular career, was granted the reversion of a seat in the senate of Milan on the accession of Phillip V. in 1700, but on the loss of the duchy he wastransferred to Spain, and put on the governing body of the military orders in 1707 . During the War of Succession he served as intendent of Estremadura, and then of Catalonia from 1711 to 1718 . In 1717 he was named intendent of the navy, which had just been reorganized on the French model . His capacity and his faculty for hard work secured him the approval of Alberoni, with whom, however, he was never on very friendly terms in private life .

Patino's

Italian education, which affected his Spanish style, and caused him to fall into Italianisms all through his life, may have served to recommend him still further . Patin profoundly distrusted the reckless foreign policy under-taken by Alberoni under the instigation of the king and his obstinate queen, Elizabeth Farnese . He foretold that it would lead to disaster, but as a public servant 'he could only obey orders, and he had the chief merit of organizing the various expeditions sent out to Sardinia, Sicily and Ceuta between 1718 and 1720 . He became known to the king and queen in the latter year, while he was acting as a species of commissary-general during the disastrous operations against the French troops on the frontier of Navarre . It was not, however, until 1726 that he was fully trusted by the king . He and his brother, the marquis of Castelar, were the chief opponents of the adventurer Ripperda, who captivated the king and queen for a time . On the fall of this remarkable person, Patifio was named secretary for the navy, the Indies—that is to say the colonies—and for foreign affairs . The war office was added to the other departments at a later date . From the 13th of May 1726 until his death on the 3rd of November 1736 Patine, was in fact prime minister . During the later part of his administration he was much engaged in the laborious negotiations with England in relation to the disputes between the two countries over their commercial and colonial rivalries in America, which after his death led to the outbreak of war in 1739 . In his Patina y Campillo (Madrid, 1882), Doll Antonio Rodriquez Villa has collected the dates of the statesman's life,, and has published some valuable papers . But the best account of Patino's administration is to be found in Coxe's Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon (London, 1815), which is founded on the correspondence of the English ministers at Madrid .