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SIR JOSEPH PAXTON (1801-1865)

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 978 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:JOSEPH See also:PAXTON (1801-1865)  , See also:English architect and ornamental gardener, was See also:born of humble parents at See also:Milton See also:Bryant, near See also:Woburn, See also:Bedfordshire, on the 3rd of See also:August 18or, and was educated at the See also:grammar school of that See also:town . Having served his See also:apprenticeship as gardener from the See also:age of fifteen, and himself constructed a large See also:lake when gardener to Battlesden in 1822, he was in 1823 employed in the See also:arboretum at See also:Chiswick, the seat of the See also:duke of See also:Devonshire, and eventually became See also:superintendent of the duke's gardens and grounds at See also:Chatsworth, and manager of his See also:Derbyshire estates . In 1836 he began to erect a See also:grand conservatory 300 ft. in length, which was finished in 1840, and formed the See also:model for the See also:Great See also:Exhibition See also:building of 1851 . In this See also:year See also:Paxton received the See also:honour of See also:knighthood . Perhaps his most interesting See also:design was that for the See also:mansion of See also:Baron See also:James de See also:Rothschild at Ferrieres in See also:France, but he designed many other important buildings . His versatility was shown in his organization of the See also:Army See also:Works See also:Corps which served in the See also:Crimea, his excellent capacity as a See also:man of business in railway management, and his enterprising experiments in floriculture . In 1854 he was chosen M.P. for See also:Coventry, which he continued to represent in the Liberal See also:interest till his See also:death at See also:Sydenham on the 8th of See also:June 1865 . Paxton was elected in 1826 a See also:fellow of the Horticultural Society . In the following year he married Sarah Bown . In 1833 he became a fellow of the Linnean Society, and in 1844 he was made a See also:knight of the See also:order of St See also:Vladimir by the See also:emperor of See also:Russia . He was the author of several contributions to the literature of See also:horticulture, including a See also:Practical See also:Treatise on the Culture of the See also:Dahlia (1838), and a See also:Pocket Botanical See also:Dictionary (1st ed., 1840) . He also edited the Cottage See also:Calendar, the Horticultural See also:Register and the Botanical See also:Magazine .

PAYMASTER-See also:

GENERAL, in See also:England, a public officer and a member of the See also:ministry for the See also:time being . The See also:office was, by statutes passed in 1835 and 1848, consolidated with other offices through which moneys voted by See also:parliament were previously paid . The paymaster-general is appointed by sign See also:manual See also:warrant, he is unpaid, and does not require to offer himself for re-See also:election on See also:acceptance of office . The See also:money appropriated by parliament for the various services of the See also:country is placed by order of the See also:Treasury to the See also:account of the paymaster-general, and a communication to that effect made to the See also:comptroller and auditor-general . The paymaster-general then makes all payments required by the various departments in accordance with the See also:parliamentary See also:vote . The duties of the office are carried out by a permanent See also:staff, headed by an assistant paymaster-general, acting on See also:powers granted by the paymaster-general .

End of Article: SIR JOSEPH PAXTON (1801-1865)
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