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PAX (Lat. for " peace ")

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 977 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PAX (See also:Lat. for " See also:peace ")  , the name given in ecclesiastical usage to a small See also:panel or tablet decorated usually with a See also:representation of the Crucifixion, which in the See also:Roman See also:ritual was kissed at the eucharistic service by the celebrating See also:priest, then by the other priests and deacons, and then by the See also:congregation . The " See also:Pax " is also known by the names osculalorium, tabula pacis and pax-bred (i.e . " pax-See also:board ") . The use of the " pax " See also:dates from the 13th See also:century, and it is said to have been first introduced in See also:England in 1250 by See also:Archbishop See also:Walter of See also:York . It took the See also:place of the actual " See also:kiss of See also:peace " (esculum sanctum, or osculum pacis) which was in the Roman See also:Mass given by the See also:bishop to the priests, and took place after the See also:consecration and before communion . In the See also:Greek See also:Church the kiss (eipipm, b..Qaavµbs) takes place at the beginning of the service, and now consists in the celebrating priest kissing the See also:oblation and the See also:deacon kissing his See also:stole (see F . E . Brightman, Liturgies Eastern and Western, 1886) . Owing to disputes over questions of See also:precedence the kissing of the pax at the service of the Mass was given up . It is still used at times of See also:prayer by religious communities or See also:societies . In the 15th and 16th centuries much See also:artistic skill was lavished on the pax, and beautiful examples of enamelled paxes with chased See also:gold and See also:silver framesare in the See also:British Museum . Though the Crucifixion is most usually represented, other religious subjects, such as the Virgin and See also:Child, the See also:Annunciation, the figures of See also:patron See also:saints and the like, are found .

In the " Inventarie of the See also:

Plate, Jewells ...and other Ornaments appertayning to the Cathedrall Churche of Sayncte Paulo in See also:London," 1552, we find two paxes mentioned; one "with the ymage of the Crucifix and of See also:Marie and See also:John all gylte with the Sonn alsoe and the Moone, the backsyde whereof is crymosin velvett," and another " with the ymage of our Ladie sett aboughte with x greate stones the backsyde whereof is grene velvett " (Hierurgia anglicana, pt. i., 1902) . PA X0 [Paxos], one of the Ionian Islands (q.v.), about 8 m . S. of the See also:southern extremity of See also:Corfu, is a hilly mass of See also:limestone 5 M. See also:long by 2 broad, and not more than 600 ft. high . Fop. about 500o . Though it has only a single stream and a few springs, and the inhabitants were often obliged, before the Russians and See also:English provided them with cisterns, to bring See also:water from the mainland, Paxo is well clothed with See also:olives, which produce oil of the very highest quality . Gaion (or, less correctly, Gaia), the See also:principal See also:village, lies on the See also:east See also:coast, and has a small See also:harbour . Towards the centre, on an See also:eminence, stands Papandi, the See also:residence of the bishop of Paxo, and throughcut the See also:island are scattered a large number of churches, whose belfries add greatly to the picturesqueness of the views . On the See also:west and See also:south-west coasts are some remarkable caverns, of which an See also:account will be found in See also:Davy's Ionian Islands, i . 66-71 . See also:Ancient writers—See also:Polybius, See also:Pliny, &c.—do not mention Paxos by itself, but apply the plural See also:form Paxi (IIaEol) to Paxos and the smaller island which is now known as Antipaxo (the Propaxos of the Antonine Itinerary) . Paxos is the See also:scene of the curious See also:legend, recorded in See also:Plutarch's De defectu oraculorum, of the cry " See also:Pan is dead " (see PAN) .

End of Article: PAX (Lat. for " peace ")
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