See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• JOHN PECKHAM (d. 1292)

PECKHAM (d. 1292)  , See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, was probably a native of See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex, and received his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• EDUCATION

education from the Cluniac monks of See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes . About 1250 he joined the Franciscan See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and studied in their See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent . Shortly afterwards he proceeded to the university of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he took his degree under St Bonaventure and became See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent in See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . For many years See also:

• PECKHAM, JOHN (d. 1292)

Peckham taught at Paris, coming into contact with the greatest scholars of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, among others St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• AQUINAS, THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 1227--1274)

Aquinas . About 1270 he returned to Oxford and taught there, being elected in 1275 provincial See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the See also:

• FRANCISCANS (otherwise called Friars Minor, or Minorites; also the Seraphic Order ; and in England Grey Friars, from the colour of the habit, which, however, is now brown rather than grey)

Franciscans in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, but he was soon afterwards called to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome as See also:

• LECTOR, or READER

lector sacri palatii, or theological lecturer in the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of the papal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace . In 1279 he returned to England as archbishop of Canterbury, being appointed by the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope on the rejection of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BURNELL, ARTHUR COKE (1840–1882)
• BURNELL, ROBERT (d. 1292)

Burnell, See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I.'s See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate . Peckham was always a strenuous See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the papal See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, especially as shown in the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons in 1274 . His enthronement in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1279 marks the beginning of an important See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English primacy . Its characteristic See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note was an insistence on discipline which offended contemporaries . Peckham's zeal was not tempered by discernment, and he had little See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of sympathy or See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination . His first See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act on arrival in England was to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call a council at See also:

• READING

Reading, which met in See also:

• JULY

July 1279 . Its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• OBJECT

object was ecclesiastical reform, but the See also:

• PRO

pro-See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision that a copy of Magna Carta should be hung in all See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral and collegiate churches seemed to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king a See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ACTION

action, and See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament declared void any action of this council touching on the royal power .

Nevertheless Peckham's relations with the king were often cordial, and Edward called on him for help in bringing order into conquered See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief note of his activity was, however, certainly ecclesiastical . The See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime of " See also:

• PLURALITY (0. Fr. pluralitd, Late Lat. pluralitas, plural number)

plurality," the holding by one cleric of two or more benefices, was especially attacked, as also clerical See also:

• ABSENTEEISM

absenteeism and See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance, and laxity in the monastic See also:

• LIFE

life . Peckham's main See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument was a See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute See also:

• SYSTEM

system of " visitation," which he used with a frequency hitherto unknown . Disputes resulted, and on some points Peckham gave way, but his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers as papal See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate complicated matters, and he did much to strengthen the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Canterbury at the expense of the See also:

• LOWER

lower courts . The famous See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with St Thomas of See also:

• CANTILUPE, THOMAS DE (c. 1218-1282)
• CANTILUPE, WALTER DE (d. 1265)

Cantilupe, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, arose out of similar causes . A more attractive See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Peckham's career is his activity as a writer . The numerous See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts of his See also:

• WORKS

works to be found in the See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, England and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, testify to his See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry as a philosopher and commentator . In See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy he represents the Franciscan school which attacked the teaching .of St Thomas Aquinas on the " Unity of See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

Form." He wrote in a See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint and elaborate See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style on scientific, scriptural and moral subjects and engaged in much controversy in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the Franciscan See also:

• RULE

rule and practice . He was " an excellent maker of songs," and his See also:

• HYMNS

hymns are characterized by a lyrical tenderness which seems typically Franciscan . Printed examples of his See also:

• WORK

work as commentator and hymn writer respectively may be found in the Firamentum trium ordinum (Paris, 1512), and his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for Trinity See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday in the " unreformed " See also:

• BREVIARY (Lat. breviarium, abridgment, epitome)

breviary . The chief authority on Peckham as archbishop of Canterbury, is the Regisirum fratris Johannis Peckham, edited by C .

Trice See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin for the Rolls See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1882-1885) . A sympathetic See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his life as a Franciscan is to be found in L . See also:

• WADDING, LUKE (1588–1657)

Wadding, Anna1es minorum (Lyons, 1625, 1654) . See also the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by C . L . See also:

• KINGSFORD, WILLIAM (1819-1898)

Kingsford in See also:

• DIET

Diet . Nat . Biog., and Wilkin's Concilia magnae Brilaxniae (London, 1737) . (E .