PECS (Ger. Funfkirchen)  , a town of Hungary, capital of the country of Baranya, r6o m . S.S.W. of Budapest by rail . Pop . (1900),42,252 . It lies on the outskirts of the Mecsek Hills, and is composed of the inner old town, which is laid out in an almost regular square, and four suburbs . Pecs is the see of a Roman Catholic bishop, and its cathedral, reputed one of the oldest churches in Hungary, is also one of the finest medieval buildings in the country . It was built in the 11th century in the Romanesque style with four towers, and completely restored in 1881-1891 . In the Cathedral Square is situated the Sacellum, a subterranean brick structure, probably a burial-chapel, dating from the end of the 4th or the beginning of the 5th century . Other noteworthy buildings are the parish church, formerly a mosque of the Turkish period; the hospital church, also a former mosque, with a minaret 88 ft. high, and another mosque, the bishop's palace, and the town and county hall . Pecs has manufactories of woollens, porcelain, leather and paper, and carries on a considerable trade in tobacco, gall-nuts and wine . The hills around the town are covered with vineyards, which produce one of the best wines in Hungary . In the vicinity are valuable coal-mines, which since 1858 are worked by the Danube Steamship Company .

According to tradition Pecs existed in the

time of the Romans under the name of Sompiana, and several remains of the Roman and early Christian period have been found here . In the Frankish-German period it was known under the name of Quinque ecclesiae; its bishopric was founded in roo9 . King Ludwig I. founded here in 1367 a university, which existed until the battle of Mohacs . In 1543 it was taken by the Turks, who retained possession of it till 1686 .