See also:

• PEINE

PEINE FORTE ET DURE (See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French for " hard and severe See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment ")  , the See also:

• TERM

term for a barbarous See also:

• TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

torture inflicted on those who, arraigned of See also:

• FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel

felony, refused to plead and stood silent, orchallenged more than twenty jurors, which was deemed a See also:

• CONTUMACY (Lat. contumacia, obstinacy; derived from the root tem-, as in temnere,' t'o_despise, or possibly from the root tum-, as in tumere, to swell, with anger, &c.)

contumacy See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to a refusal to plead . By See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law a prisoner, before he could be tried, must plead " guilty " or " not guilty." Before the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was usual to imprison and starve till submission, but in See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV.'s reign the See also:

• PEINE

peine was employed . The prisoner was stretched on his back, and See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone or See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron weights were placed on him till he either submitted or was pressed to See also:

• DEATH

death . Pressing to death was abolished in 1772; " See also:

• STANDING

standing See also:

• MUTE (Lat. tnutus, dumb)

mute" on an See also:

• ARRAIGNMENT (from Lat. ad, to, and rationare, to reason, call to account)

arraignment of felony being then made equivalent to conviction . By an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1828 a plea of " not guilty " was to be entered against any prisoner refusing to plead, and that is the See also:

• RULE

rule to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . An alternative to the peine was the tying of the thumbs tightly together with See also:

• WHIP

whip-See also:

• CORD (derived through the Fr. corde, from the Lat. chorda, Gr. xop(5rt, the string of a musical instrument)

cord until See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain forced the prisoner to speak . This was said to be a See also:

• COMMON

common practice at the Old See also:

• BAILEY (said to be a corruption of Ballium by some, and derived by others from the Fr. baille, a corruption of bataille, because there the soldiers were drilled in battle array)
• BAILEY, NATHAN
• BAILEY, PHILIP JAMES (1816-1902)
• BAILEY, SAMUEL (1791-1870)

Bailey up to the 19th century . Among recorded instances of the infliction of the peine are: Juliana See also:

• QUICK

Quick (1442) for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason in speaking derisively of Henry VI.; See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret Clitherow, " the See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York " (1586); See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter Calverly, of Calverly, Yorks, for the See also:

• MURDER

murder of his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children (16o5) ; and See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major Strangways at Newgate, charged with murder of his See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-law (1657) . In this last See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case it is said that upon the weights being placed in position several See also:

• CAVALIER
• CAVALIER, JEAN (1681-1740)

cavalier See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends of See also:

• STRANG, WILLIAM (1859- )

Strang-ways sprang on his See also:

• BODY

body and put him out of his pain . In 1721 one Nathaniel See also:

• HAWES, STEPHEN (fl. 1502-1521)
• HAWES, WILLIAM (1785–1846)

Hawes See also:

• LAY

lay under a See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of 25o lb for seven minutes, finally submitting . The peine was last employed in 1741 at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge assizes, when a prisoner was so put to death ; the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty of thumb-tying having first been tried . In 1692 at See also:

• SALEM

Salem, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, See also:

• GILES (GIL, GILLES), ST

Giles Corey, accused of See also:

• WITCHCRAFT

witchcraft, refusing to plead, was pressed to death .

This is believed to be the only instance of the infliction of the penalty in See also:

• AMERICA

America .