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PELICAN (Fr. Pelican; Lat. Pelecanus ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 68 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PELICAN (Fr. Pelican; See also:Lat. Pelecanus or Pelicanus)  , a large See also:fish-eating See also:water-See also:fowl, remarkable for the enormous pouch formed by the extensible skin between the See also:lower jaws of its See also:long, and apparently formidable but in reality very weak, See also:bill . The See also:ordinary See also:pelican, the Onocrotalus of the ancients, to whom it was well known, and the Pelecanus onocrotalus of ornithologists, is a very abundant See also:bird in some districts of See also:south-eastern See also:Europe, south-western See also:Asia and See also:north-eastern See also:Africa, occasionally straying, it is believed, into the See also:northern parts of See also:Germany and See also:France; but the possibility of such wanderers having escaped from confinement is always to be regarded,' since few zoological gardens are without examples . Its usual haunts are the shallow margins of the larger lakes and See also:rivers, where fishes are plentiful, since it requires for its sustenance a vast See also:supply of them . The See also:nest is formed among reeds, placed on the ground and lined with grass . Therein two eggs, with See also:white, chalky shells, are commonly laid . The See also:young during the first twelvemonth are of a greyish-See also:brown, but when mature almost the whole plumage, except the See also:black primaries, is white, deeply suffused by a See also:rich blush of See also:rose or See also:salmon-See also:colour, passing into yellow on the See also:crest and lower See also:part of the See also:neck in front . A second and somewhat larger See also:species, Pelecanus cris pus, also inhabits Europe, but has a more eastern See also:distribution . This, when adult, is readily distinguishable from the ordinary bird by the See also:absence of the blush from its plumage, and by the curled feathers that project from and overhang each See also:side of the See also:head, which with some difference of coloration of the bill, pouch, See also:bare skin See also:round the eyes and irides give it a wholly distinct expression . Two specimens of the 'humerus have been found in the See also:English See also:fens (See also:Ibis, 1868, p . 363; Proc . Zool . Society, 1871, p .

702), thus proving the existence of the bird in See also:

England at no very distant See also:period, and one of them being that of a young example points to its having been bred in this See also:country . It is possible from their large See also:size that they belonged to P. crispus . Ornithologists have been much divided in See also:opinion as to the number of living species of the genus Pelecanus (cf. op. cit., 1868, p . 264; 1869, p . 571; 1871, p . 631)—the estimate varying from six to ten or eleven; but the former is the number recognized by M . See also:Dubois (See also:Bull . See also:Mus. de Belgique, 1883) . North See also:America has one, P. erythrorhynchits, very similar to P. onocrotalus both in See also:appearance and habits, but remarkable for a triangular, horny excrescence See also:developed on the See also:ridge of the male's bill in the breeding See also:season, which falls off without leaving trace of its existence when that is over . See also:Australia has P. conspicillatus, easily distinguished by its black tail and wing-coverts . Of more marine See also:habit are P. philippensis and P. fuscus, the former having a wide range in See also:Southern Asia, and, it is said, reaching See also:Madagascar, and the latter See also:common on the coasts of the warmer parts of both North and South America . The genus Pelecanus as instituted by See also:Linnaeus included the ' This caution was not neglected by the prudent, even so long ago as See also:Sir See also:Thomas See also:Browne's days; for he, recording the occurrence of a pelican in See also:Norfolk, was careful to See also:notice that about the same See also:time one of the pelicans kept by the See also:king (See also:Charles II.) in St See also:James's See also:Park, had been lnet.See also:cormorant (q.v.) and See also:gannet (q.v.)-as well as the true pelicans, and for a long while these and some other distinct See also:groups, as the snake-birds (q.v.), See also:frigate-birds (q.v.) and tropic-birds (q.v.), which have all the four toes of the See also:foot connected by a See also:web, were regarded as forming a single See also:family, Pelecanidae; but this name has now been restricted to the pelicans only, though all are still usually associated in the suborder Steganopodes of Ciconiiform birds .

It may be necessary to See also:

state that there is no See also:foundation for the See also:venerable See also:legend of the pelican feeding her young with See also:blood from her own See also:breast, which has given it an important See also:place in ecclesiastical See also:heraldry, except that, as A . D . See also:Bartlett suggested (Proc . Zool . Society, 1869, p . 146), the curious bloody secretion ejected from the mouth of the See also:flamingo may have given rise to the belief, through that bird having been mistaken for the "Pelican of the See also:wilderness."2 (A .

End of Article: PELICAN (Fr. Pelican; Lat. Pelecanus or Pelicanus)
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