See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. See also:

• LAT

Lat. poenitentia, penitence)  , strictly, repentance of sins . Thus in the See also:

• DOUAI

Douai version of the New "Testament the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek word µerfivota is rendered " See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance," where the Authorized Version has " repentance." The two words, similar in their derivation and See also:

• ORIGINAL

original sense, have however come to be symbolical of conflicting views of the essence of repentance, arising out of the controversy as to the respective merits of " faith " and " See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• WORKS

works." The Reformers, upholding the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification by faith, held that repentance consisted in a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of the whole moral attitude of the mind and soul (E7rtarpEaOa1, Matt. xiii . 15; See also:

• LUKE
• LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST

Luke xxii . 32), and that the Divine forgiveness followed true repentance and See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession to See also:

• GOD

God without any reparation of " works." This is the view generally held by Protestants . In the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament of penance consists of three parts: contritio, confhssia, salisfactio . Contritio is in fact repentance as See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant theologians understand it, i.e. sorrow for See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin arising from love of God, and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation the schoolmen debated the question whether See also:

• COMPLETE

complete "contrition" was or was not in itself sufficient to obtain the Divine See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . The See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent, however, decided that " reconciliation " could not follow such contrition without the other parts of the sacrament, which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form See also:

• PART

part of it (sine sacramenti voto, quod in ilia includatur) . Contrition is also distinguished from " See also:

• ATTRITION (Lat. attritio, formed from atterere, to rub away)

attrition " (atlritio), i.e. repentance due to fear of See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment . It was questioned whether a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of mind thus produced would suffice for obtaining the benefits of the sacrament; this point was also set at See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest by the Council of Trent, which decided that attrition, though not in itself capable of obtaining the justification of the sinner, is also inspired by God and thus disposes the soul to benefit by the See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of the sacrament . The word " penance," applied to the whole sacrament, is also used of the works of See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction imposed by the See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest on the penitent, i.e. the temporal punishment (poena) . This varies with the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and heinousness of the offences committed . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages " doing penance " was often a See also:

• PROCESS

process as terrible and humiliating to the penitent as it was possibly edifying to the Church .

Public penances have, how-ever, long been abolished in all branches of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church .