UNIVERSITY OF See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA  , an See also:

• AMERICAN

American institution twenty-four trustees, of which the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania is ex-officio See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president . The directing See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the university, and the head of the university See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty and of the faculty of each See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department is the See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost—a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title rarely used in American See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities; the provost is president See also:

• PRO

pro tempore of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of trustees . In 1908-1909 the university had 454 See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of instruction, of whom 220 were in the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college and 157 in the department (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 18o1 sqq. and See also:

• HARRISBURG

Harrisburg, 1802 sqq.) ; and The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1896 sqq.), published under an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1887 . Some valuable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information is to be found in B . A. and M . L . Hinsdale, See also:

• HISTORY

History and See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government of Pennsylvania ... (See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, 1899) ; and in the various See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of Smull's Legislative Handbook and See also:

• MANUAL

Manual . For the history of penal and charitable institutions, see the See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual Reports of the Board of Commissioners of Public Charities (Harrisburg, 1871 sqq.); the Annual Reports of the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee on Lunacy (Harrisburg, 1883 sqq.) ; and See also:

• AMOS
• AMOS, SHELDON (1835–1886)

Amos H . Mylin, Penal and Charitable Institutions of Pennsylvania (2 vols., Harrisburg, 1897), an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official publication, well written and handsomely illustrated . For educational history, see N . C .

Schaeffer, The See also:

• COMMON

Common School See also:

• LAWS

Laws of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1904) ; B . A . Hinsdale, Documents Illustrative of American Educational History (See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, 1895) ; and J . P . Wickersham, History of See also:

• EDUCATION

Education in Pennsylvania (See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, 1886), one of the best See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state histories of education . For See also:

• FINANCE

finance and banking, see the annual reports of the state treasurer, auditor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, sinking fund commissioners, and the See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of banking, all published at Harrisburg; An See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch of the See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

Paper See also:

• MONEY

Money of Pennsylvania, by a member of the Numismatic Society of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1862) ; and B . M . See also:

• MEAD
• MEAD, LARKIN GOLDSMITH (1835— )
• MEAD, RICHARD (1673—1754)

Mead, A Brief See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review of the See also:

• FINANCIAL

Financial History of Pennsylvania . .. to the See also:

• PRESENT

Present See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

Time (1682-1881) (Harrisburg, 1881) . The only See also:

• COMPLETE

complete history of the entire See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period is See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard M . See also:

• JENKINS, ROBERT (fl. 1731-1745)
• JENKINS, SIR LEOLINE (1623-1685)

Jenkins, et al., Pennsylvania, Colonial and Federal (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1903) . This is especially valuable for the detailed histories of gubernatorial administrations from 1790 to 1903 .

The third See also:

• VOLUME

volume contains useful chapters on education, the judiciary, the medical profession, journalism, military affairs, See also:

• INTERNAL

internal improvements, &c . S . G . See also:

• FISHER
• FISHER, ALVAN (1792–1863)
• FISHER, GEORGE PARK (1827-1909)
• FISHER, JOHN (c. 1469-1535)
• FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST BARON

Fisher, Pennsylvania, See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

Colony and See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth (Philadelphia, 1897) contains the best See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the colonial and revolutionary history, but it gives only a very brief See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of the period since 1783 . W . R . Shepherd, History of Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1896), a detailed study of the proprietary from the See also:

• POLITICAL

political, governmental and territorial points of view, is scholarly, and gives a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good account of the boundary disputes with See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland, See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, New York and See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut . Among the older See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• WORKS

works are Samual See also:

• HAZARD (0. Fr. hazard, from Span. czar, unlucky throw at dice, misfortune, from Arab. al, and zar, dice)

Hazard, See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals .of Pennsylvania from the See also:

• DISCOVERY

Discovery of the See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware, 1609-1682 (Phila- delphia, 185o), an elaborate account of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Dutch and See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish, settlements on the Delaware See also:

• RIVER

river and See also:

• BAY

bay; and See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Proud, History of the Pennsylvania from 1681 until after the See also:

• YEAR

year 1742 (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1797-1798), written from the Quaker standpoint . For early See also:

• LITERARY

literary history, see M . K . See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, Outline of the Literary History of Colonial Pennsylvania (New York, 1908) . W .

H . Egle, Illustrated History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris- See also:

• BURG

burg, 1877), contains trustworthy histories of individual counties by various writers . J . B . McMaster and F . D . See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

Stone, Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution, 1787-1788 (Philadelphia, 1888), is a useful See also:

• WORK

work . For the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Masonic See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement, see See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles McCarthy, The Anti-Masonic Party (Washington, 1903) . S . G . Fisher, The Making of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1896), See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

introductory to the same author's Colony and Commonwealth, is an interesting study of the various nationalities and religions represented among the settlers of the state . For the period of Quaker predominance (1681-1756), see See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac Sharpless, History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1898-1899) .

See also J . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton's " History of the Moravian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church " (See also:

• NAZARETH (mod. en-Ndsira)

Nazareth, Pa., 1900), vol. vi. of the Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society; Proceedings and Addresses of the Pennsylvania See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Society, vols. vii. and viii . (See also:

• READING

Reading, 1897-1898) ; J . F . Sachse, German Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania, 1694-1708 (Philadelphia, 1895), and German Sectarians of Pennsylvania, 1708-1800 (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1899-1901) . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• SOURCES

sources are the Pennsylvania Archives (first See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 12 vols., Philadelphia, 1852-1856; second series, 19 vols., Harrisburg, 1874-1893; and third series, 4 vols., Harrisburg, 1894-1895) ; Colonial Records, 1683-1790 (16 vols., Philadelphia, 1852); and See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Hazard, See also:

• REGISTER

Register of Pennsylvania (16 vols., Philadelphia, 1828-1836) . The Pennsylvania Historical Society, organized in Philadelphia in 1825, has published 14 vols. of See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs (1826-1895), a Bulletin of 13 See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers (1845-1847), one volume of Collections (1853), and the Pennsylvania See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine of History and See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography, a Quarterly (1877 sqq.) . There is a good account of the public archives, both printed and See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript, in the first See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of the Public Archives See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission of the American Historical Association, published in vol. ii. of the annual report of the association for the year 1900 (Washington, 1901) . of higher learning, in Philadelphia, occupying about 6o acres, near the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• BANK

bank of the Schuylkill river, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the Philadelphia See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital, east of 39th See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-east of Woodland See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

Avenue, and south of See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

Chestnut Street . In this irregular See also:

• AREA

area are all the buildings except the See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

Flower Astronomical See also:

• OBSERVATORY

Observatory (1896), which is 2 M. beyond the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city limits on the West See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester See also:

• PIKE
• PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY (1779-1813)

Pike . The northernmost of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine, and an enrolment of 4570 students, of whom 2989 I the college in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England about £6goo; and in 1764 his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence were in the college (412 in the school of arts; 987 in the Towne had become so strong that it was feared that the college would become sectarian . The Penns and others deprecated this and the trustees See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound themselves (1764) to " use their utmost endeavours that .

. . (the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan) be not narrowed, nor the members of the Church of England, nor those dissenting from them . . . be put on any worse footing in this See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary than they were at the time of receiving the royal brief." From See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1777 to See also:

• JUNE

June 1778 college exercises were not held because Philadelphia was occupied by See also:

• BRITISH

British troops . In 1779 the state legislature, on the ground that the trustees' See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration in 1764 was a " narrowing of the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation," 1 confiscated the rights and See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the college and chartered a new See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation " the Trustees of the University of the State of Pennsylvania "; in 1789 the college was restored to its rights and property and See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith again became its provost; in 1791 the college and the university of the State of Pennsylvania were See also:

• UNITED

united under the title, " the University of Pennsylvania," whose trustees were elected from their own members by the board of trustees of the college and that of the university . In 1802 the university See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased new grounds on Ninth Street, between See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

Market and Chestnut, where the See also:

• POST

post See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office See also:

• BUILDING

building now is; there until 1829 the university occupied the building erected for the administrative See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion of the president of the United States; there new buildings were erected after 1829; and from these the university removed to its present site in 1872 . The provosts have been: in 1755-1779 and in 1789-1803, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Smith; in 1779-1791, of the university of the state of Pennsylvania, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• EWING
• EWING, ALEXANDER (1814-1873)
• EWING, THOMAS (1789-1871)

Ewing (1732-1802); in 1807-1810, John McDowell (1750-1820); in 1810—1813,John See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews (1746-1813); in 1813-1828, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick Beasley (1777-1845); in 1828-1833, William See also:

• HEATHCOTE, SIR GILBERT (c. 1651-1733)

Heathcote De Lancey (1797-1865); in 1834-1853, John See also:

• LUDLOW
• LUDLOW, EDMUND (c. 1617-1692)

Ludlow (1793-1857); in 18J4-1859, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Vethake (1792-1866) ; in 186o-1868, See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel Raynes See also:

• GOODWIN, JOHN (c. 1594–1665)
• GOODWIN, NATHANIEL CARL (1857– )
• GOODWIN, THOMAS (1600-168o)
• GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON (1831– )

Goodwin (1811-189o) ; in 1868-188o, Charles Janeway Stille (1819-1899); in 1881-1894, William See also:

• PEPPER
• PEPPER, WILLIAM (1843–1898)

Pepper (1843-1898); in 1894-191o, Charles Custis See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison (b . 1844), and in 1911 sqq . See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar Fahs Smith (b . 1856) . scientific school; 472 in the See also:

• WHARTON (FAMILY)
• WHARTON, FRANCIS (1820–1889)
• WHARTON, HENRY (1664–1695)

Wharton school, and 253 in the evening school of accounts and finance; 384 in courses for teachers; and 481 in the summer school), 353 in the See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate school, 327 in the department of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, 559 in the department of medicine, 385 in the department of See also:

• DENTISTRY (from Lat. dens, a tooth)

dentistry, and 150 in the department of veterinary medicine . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1907 the excess of the university's See also:

• ASSETS (from the O. Nor. Fr. assetz, mod. Fr. asset, " enough")

assets over its liabilities was $13,239,408 and the donations for the year were $305,814 . A very large proportion of the university's investments is in real See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, especially in Philadelphia .

In 1907 the See also:

• TOTAL

total value of real estate (including the university buildings) was $6,829,154; and See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries, museums, apparatus and See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture were valued at $2,025,357 . Students' tuition fees vary from $150 to $too a year in the college; and are $16o in the department of law, $200 in the department of medicine, $15o in the department of dentistry and $See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo in the department of veterinary See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . The income from tuition fees in 1906—1907 was $458,396; the payments for " educational salaries " amounted to $433,311, and for " See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration salaries " to $135,314 . The university publishes the following series: Astronomical Series (1899 sqq.); Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory (1892 sqq.) ; Contributions from the Laboratory of See also:

• HYGIENE (Fr. hygiene, from Gr. ir'taivety, to be healthy)

Hygiene (1898 sqq.) ; Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory 893 sqq.); Series in History (1901 sqq.); Series in See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

Mathematics (1897 sqq.); Series in See also:

• PHILOLOGY

Philology and Literature (1891 sqq.); Series in Romanic See also:

• LANGUAGES

Languages and Literatures (1907 sqq.); Series in See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

Philosophy (1890 sqq.); Series in Political See also:

• ECONOMY

Economy and Public Law (1885 sqq.) ; The American Law Register (1852 sqq.); The University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin (1888 sqq.) ; Transactions of the Department of See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

Archaeology (19o4 sqq.) ; the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of See also:

• MORPHOLOGY, (Gr. yopdsil, form)

Morphology (1887 ,sqq.) ; and Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of lfennsylvania (1897 sqq.) . There are also occasional publications by institutes and departments connected with the university . Student publications include: a daily, The Pennsylvanian (1885); the weekly, Old See also:

• PENN, WILLIAM (1621–1670)
• PENN, WILLIAM (1644-1718)

Penn (1902); a comic monthly, The See also:

• PUNCH

Punch Bowl; a literary monthly, The Red and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue; a quarterly of the department of dentistry, The Penn Dental Journal; an annual, The See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

Record; and The Alumni Register (1896), a monthly . See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin in 1749 published a pamphlet, entitled Proposals See also:

• RELATING

Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania, which led to the formation of a board of twenty-four trustees, nineteen of whom, on the 13th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1749, met for organization and to promote " the Publick See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in the City of Philadelphia," and elected Benjamin Franklin president of the board, an office which he held until 1756 . So closely was Franklin identified with the plan that See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold called the institution " the University of Franklin." On the 1st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1750 there was conveyed to this board of trustees the " New Building " on See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth Street, near See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch, which had been erected in 1740 for a charity school—a use to which it had not been put—and as a " See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Publick See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

Worship," in which See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• WHITEFIELD,

Whitefield had preached in November 1740; the original trustees (including Franklin) of the " New Building " and of its projected charity school date from 1740, and therefore the university attaches to its See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal the words " founded 1740." In the " New Building " the academy was opened on the 7th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1751, the city having voted £200 in the preceding August for the completion of the building . On the 16th of September 1751 a charitable school " for the instruction of poor See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

Children gratis in Reading, See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

Writing, and Arithmetick " was opened in the " New Building." The proprietaries, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas and See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Penn, incorporated " The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

Province of Pennsylvania " in 17J3; and in 1755 issued a confirmatory See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, changing the corporate name to " The Trustees of the College, Academy and Charitable School," &c., whereupon William Smith (1727-1803) of the university of See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen, who had become See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the academy in 1752 and had taken orders in the Church of England in 1753, became provost of the college . In 1756 Dr Smith established a complete and liberal curriculum which was adopted by See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison in 1777 when he became president of the College of William and See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary . In 1757 the first college class graduated . Under Smith's See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control the Latin school See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew in importance at the expense of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English school, to the See also:

• GREAT

great annoyance of Franklin .

In 1762-1764 Dr Smith collected for See T . H . See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery, A History of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation to A.D . 2770 (Philadelphia, 1900) ; George B . See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood, Early History of the University of Pennsylvania (3rd ed., ibid., 1896) ; J . B . McMaster, The University of Pennsylvania (ibid . 1897) ; G . E . Nitzsche, Official See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

Guide to the University of Pennsylvania (ibid., 1906); and See also:

• EDWARD

Edward P . Cheyney, " University of Pennsylvania," in vol. i. of Universities and their Sons (See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1901) .