See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

ANTONIO See also:

• ANTONIO PEREZ (c. 1540-1611)

PEREZ (c. 1540-1611)  , for some years the favourite See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and afterwards for many more the See also:

• OBJECT

object of his unrelenting hostility, was by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth an Aragonese . His reputed See also:

• FATHER

father, Gonzalo See also:

• PEREZ, ANTONIO (c. 1540-1611)

Perez, an ecclesiastic, has some See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• HISTORY

history as having been secretary both to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. and to Philip II., and in literature as author of a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Odyssey (La Ulyxea de Homero, See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, 1556) . See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Perez, who was legitimated by an imperial diploma issued at See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid in 1542, was, however, believed by many to be in reality the son of Philip's minister, Ruy See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

Gomez de See also:

• SILVA, ANTONIO JOSE DA (1705–1739)

Silva, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• EBOLI (anc. Eburum)

Eboli, to whom, on the completion of a liberal See also:

• EDUCATION

education at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and abroad, he appears at least to have owed his first introduction to a See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic career.' In 1567 he became one of the secretaries of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, receiving also about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the lucrative See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of protonotary of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, and in 1573 the See also:

• DEATH

death of Ruy Gomez himself made See also:

• ROOM

room for Perez's promotion to be See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the " despacho universal," or private See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

bureau, from which Philip attempted to govern by assiduous See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence the affairs of his vast dominions . Another of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's secretaries at this time, though in a less confidential relation, was a friend and contemporary of Perez, named Juan de See also:

• ESCOVEDO, JUAN DE (d. 1J78)

Escovedo, who, however, after the fall of See also:

• TUNIS

Tunis in 1574, was sent off to supersede Juan de See also:

• SOTO, FERDINANDO [FERNANDO, Or HERNANDO] DE (1496?—1542)

Soto as secretary and adviser of See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, thus leaving Perez without a See also:

• RIVAL

rival . Some time after Don John's appointment to the governorship of the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands Perez accidentally became cognisant of his inconveniently ambitious " empresa de Inglaterra," in which he was to See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

rescue See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen of Scots, marry her, and so ascend the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . The next step might even be against Spain itself . This See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme the faithful secretary at once carried to Philip, who characteristically resolved to meet it by quietly removing his See also:

• BROTHER

brother's aider and See also:

• ABETTOR (from " to abet," O. Fr. abeter, d and beter, to bait, urge dogs upon any one ; this word is probably of Scandinavian origin, meaning to cause to bite)

abettor . With the king's full cognisance, accordingly, Perez, after several unsuccessful attempts to See also:

• POISON

poison Escovedo, succeeded in procuring his assassination in a See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street of See also:

• MADRID

Madrid on the 31st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1578 . The immediate effect was to raise Perez higher than ever in the royal confidence and favour, but, wary though the secretary had been, he had not succeeded in obliterating all trace of his connexion with the See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime, and very soon a See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution was set on See also:

• FOOT

foot by the representatives of the murdered See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . For a time Philip was both willing and able to protect his See also:

• ACCOMPLICE (from Fr. complice, conspirator, Lat. complex, a sharer, associate, complicare, to fold together; the ac- is possibly due to confusion with " accomplish," to complete, Lat. complere, to fill up)

accomplice, but ultimately he appears to have listened to those who, whether truly or falsely, were continually suggesting that Perez had had motives of his own, arising out of his relations with the princess of Eboli, for compassing the assassination of Don John's secretary; be this as it may, from trying to See also:

• SCREEN (usually, but very doubtfully, connected with Lat. scrinium, a box for holding books, from scribere, to write; a connexion with Ger. Schranke, barrier, has been suggested)

screen Perez the king came to be the secret instigator of those who sought his ruin . The See also:

• PROCESS

process, as such matters often have been in Spain, was a slow one, and it was not until 1589 that Perez, after more than one See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest and imprisonment on a variety of charges, seemed on the See also:

• EVE

eve of being convicted and condemned as the murderer of Escovedo . At this juncture he succeeded in making his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison in See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile into See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, where, under the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient " fueros " of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom he could claim a public trial in open See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and so bring into requisition the documentary See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence he possessed of the king's complicity in the See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed .

This did not suit Philip, who, although he instituted a process in the supreme tribunal of Aragon, speedily abandoned it and caused Perez to be attacked from another See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• HERESY

heresy being now preferred, arising out of certain reckless and even blasphe- ' On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand it is suggested that this See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of his being the son of Gomez was only circulated by Ruy Gomez's wife, See also:

• ANA

Ana de See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• MENDOZA, PEDRO GONZALEZ DE (1428-1495)

Mendoza, as a refutation of the possibility of a supposed amour between her and Perez . It is contended by See also:

• MIGNET, FRANCOIS AUGUSTE ALEXIS (1796–1884)

Mignet that this intrigue between her and Perez was known to Escovedo, and that this accounts for the See also:

• PART

part played by Perez in Escovedo's See also:

• MURDER

murder, because Ana had also been Philip's See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress, and Escovedo might have made See also:

• MISCHIEF

mischief between Philip and Perez . See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major See also:

• HUME, ALEXANDER (c. 1557-1609)
• HUME, DAVID (1711-1776)
• HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855)

Hume appears to combine the latter theory with Philip's See also:

• POLITICAL

political objection to Escovedo.mous expressions Perez had used in connexion with his troubles in Castile . But all attempts to remove the accused from the See also:

• CIVIL

civil prison in See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa to that of the See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition raised popular tumults, which in the end led to Perez's escape across the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees, but unfortunately also furnished Philip with a pretext for sending an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army into Aragon and suppressing the ancient fueros " altogether (1591) . From the court of See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine de See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, at See also:

• PAU

Pau, where he was well received, Perez passed to that of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and both there and in England his talents and diplomatic experience, as well as his well-grounded enmity to Philip, secured him much popularity: While in England he became the " intimate See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach-See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion and See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed-companion" of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon, and was also much in the society of the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex . The See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Vervins in 1598 greatly reduced his apparent importance abroad, and Perez now tried to obtain the See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon of Philip III., that he might return to his native See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . His efforts, however, proved vain, and he died in See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative obscurity in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 3rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1611 . Perez's earliest publication was a small See also:

• QUARTO

quarto, dedicated to the earl of Essex, written and apparently printed in England about 1594, entitled Pedazos de historia, and professedly published at See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon . A Dutch translation appeared in 1594, and in 1598 he published his Relaciones, including the Memorial del hecho de su causa, See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up in 159o, and many of his letters . Much has been done, by Mignet (Antonio Perez et Philippe II , 1845; 4th ed., 1874) and by See also:

• FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY (1818-1894)

Froude (" An Unsolved See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Riddle," Nineteenth Cent., 1883) among others, towards the elucidation of various difficult points in Perez's somewhat perplexing story . For the murder of Escovedo, see See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

Lang's discussion of it in his Historical Mysteries (1904); and the Espanoles e ingleses (1903) of Major See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin Hume, who had See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to various newly discovered See also:

• MSS

MSS .