PERPIGNAN  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees-Orientates, on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Tet, 7 M. from the Mediterranean and 42 M . S. by W. of See also:

• NARBONNE

Narbonne by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1906), town, 32,683; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 38,898 . The See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the town is traversed by the Basse, a tributary of the Yet, while to the south it is overlooked by a citadel enclosing a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle (13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• MAJORCA (Mallorca)

Majorca . The See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel is remarkable as being a mixture of the Romanesque, Pointed and Moorish styles . The ramparts surrounding the citadel are the See also:

• WORK

work of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI., See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. and See also:

• VAUBAN

Vauban . The sculptures and See also:

• CARYATIDES (Latinized from the Greek; the plural of Caryatis, i.e. a woman of Caryae in Laconia)

caryatides still to be seen on the gateway of the citadel were placed there by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ALVA
• ALVA, or ALBA, FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, DUKE OF, (1508-1583)

Alva . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• JEAN

Jean was begun in 1324 and finished in 1509 . The most noteworthy feature in the See also:

• BUILDING

building is an immense See also:

• REREDOS (Anglo-Fr. areredos, from arere, behind, and dos, back)

reredos of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble (See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 17th century) by See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew Soler Of See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona . In the north of the town commanding the gateway of Notre-See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame (1481) there stands a curious machicolated stronghold known as the Castillet (14th and 15th centuries), now used as a See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . The buildings of the old university.;_ (18th century) contain the library and the museum, the latter possessing the first photographic proofs executed by See also:

• DAGUERRE, LOUIS JACQUES MANDE (1789-1851)

Daguerre and a collection of sculptures and paintings .

Statues of See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois See also:

• ARAGO, DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN (1786-1853)

Arago, the astronomer, and Hyacinthe Rigoud, the painter, stand in the squares named after them . Perpignan is a fortified See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the first class, and seat of a See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect, a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop and a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a chamber of commerce, a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Bank of France, a communal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college for boys, a school of See also:

• MUSIC

music and training colleges for both sexes . The higher tribunal of Andovic sits at Perpignan . See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade is in See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, oil, corks and See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather . Perpignan See also:

• DATES

dates at least from the loth century . In the 1 rth and 12th centuries it was a capital of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of See also:

• ROUSSILLON

Roussillon. from whom it passed in 1172 to the kings of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon . See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the Bold, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France, died there in 1285, as he was returning from an unsuccessful expedition into Aragon . At that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it belonged to the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Majorca, and its sovereigns resided there until, in 1344, that small See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state reverted to the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the M L kings of Aragon, who in 1349 founded a university at Perpignan . When Louis XI. occupied Roussillon as See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security for See also:

• MONEY

money advanced by him to the king of Aragon, Perpignan resisted the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French arms for a considerable time, and only yielded through stress of See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 15, 1475) . Roussillon was restored to Aragon by Charles VIII. and Perpignan was again besieged in 1542 under See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I., but without success . Later on, however, the inhabitants, angered by the tyranny and See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, surrendered the town to Louis XIII . The citadel held out until the 9th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1642, and the place has ever since belonged to France, to which it was formally ceded by the treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) .

In 1602 the bishopric of See also:

• ELNE

Elne was transferred to Perpignan . See P . Vibal, Perpignan depuis See also:

• LES

les origines jusqu' a nos fours (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1898) .