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CHARLES PERRAULT (1628-1703)

PERRERS (or DE WINDSOR), ALICE (d. 1400)

PERRON (a French word meaning properly a "large stone," Ital. Petrone, from Lat. Petra, Fr. pierre, stone)

PIERRE CUILLIER PERRON (1755-1834)

GIOVANNI PERRONE (1794–1876)

SIR JOHN PERROT (c. 1S27–1592)

PERRY (from Fr. Moire, from poire, a pear)

MATTHEW CALBRAITH PERRY (1794–1858)

OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (1785-1819)

PERSEUS OF MACEDONIA (b. c. 212 B.C.)

EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH SYRIAN PERSIAN

JEAN GILBERT VICTOR FIALIN PERSIGNY

PERSIS (mod. Fars, q.v.)

OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON

PERSONAL PROPERTY

PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

PERSPECTIVE (Lat. peespicere, to see through)

PERSPIRATION (Lat. per, through, and spirare, to breathe)

PERTAB (or PARTAB) SINGH, SIR

EARLS AND DUKES OF PERTH

FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH PERTHES (1772—1843)

JOHAN GEORG JUSTUS PERTHES (1749-1816)

PUBLIUS HELVIUS PERTINAX (A.D. 126-193)

GEORG HEINRICH PERTZ (1795-1876)

PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

PERUGIA (anc. Perusia)

PIETRO PERUGINO (1446-1524)

BALDASSARE PERUZZI (1481-1536)

PERVIGILIUMI VENERIS

PESARO (anc. Pisaurum, q.v.)

PESCADORES (i.e. fishers)

MARQUIS OF FERNANDO FRANCESCO DAVALOS PESCARA (1489-1525)

PESCHIERA SUL GARDA

PESHIN, or PISHIN

PESHITTO, or PESHITO (i.e. " simple ")

PESHWA (Persian for " leader," " guide ")

PESSIMISM (from Lat. pessimus, worst)

PESSINUS (IIeaatvoi3r, lleacvoiis)

JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI

PETARD (Fr. petard, peter, to make a slight explosion)

DENYS PETAU (1583-1652)

PETCHENEGS, or PATZINAKS

PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)

PETER DES ROCHES (d. 1238)

PETER HESS (1792–11871)—afterwards von Hess—was born at Dusseldorf and accompanied his younger brother Heinrich Maria to Munich in 18o6. Being of an age to receive vivid impressions, he felt the stirring impulses of the time and became a painter of skirmi

PETER LOMBARD (c. 11oo-c. 116o)

PETER OF AIGUEBLANCHE (d. 1268)

PETER OF BLOIS [PETRUS BLESENSIS] (c. 1135-c. 1205)

PETER OF COURTENAY (d. 1219)

PETER OF DUISBURG (d. c. 1326)

PETER OF MARICOURT (13th century)

PETER OF SAVOY (c. 1203-1268)

PETER THE HERMIT

PETER THE WILD BOY (fl. 1725–1785)

PETER WENTWORTH (1530-1596)

EPISTLES OF PETER

EARL OF CHARLES MORDAUNT PETERBOROUGH AND MONMOUTH (C. 1658-1735)

AUGUST HEINRICH PETERMANN (1822–1878)

PETERS (or PETER), HUGH (1598–166o)

KARL PETERS (1856– )

PETERSBURG CAMPAIGN (1864-65)

PETERWARDEIN (Hung. Petervarad, Serv. Petrovaradin)

JOHN PETHERICK (1813–1882)

JEROME PETION DE VILLENEUVE (1756–1794)

FRANCOIS PETIS DE LA CROIX (1653-1713)

LOUIS PETIT DE JULLEVILLE (1841–1900)

BART SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI PETIT

PETITIO PRINCIPII, or BEGGING TIIE QUESTION (Gr. To v apxjj )

PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

JEAN PETITOT (1608–1691)

JEAN LOUIS PETITOT (1652–c. 1730)

BART SIR SAMUEL MORTON PETO

ALEXANDER PETOFI (1823—1849)

PETRARCH (1304-1374)

SIR EDWARD PETRE (1631-1699)

SIR WILLIAM PETRE (c. 1505-1572)

GEORGE PETRIE (179o-1866)

WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS PETRIE (1853– )

PETRIOU (also called Cha-chang-sao)

PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

PETRONIUS (G. (?)1

PANDOLFO PETRUCCI (d. 1512)

PETRUS AUREOLUS (OR10L)

AUGUST VON PETTENKOFEN (1821-1889)

MAX JOSEPH VON PETTENKOFER (1818-1901)

JOHN PETTIE (1839-1893)

SIR WILLIAM PETTY (1623-1687)

CLUB OF THE PEUILLANTS

PEUTINGER KONRAD (1465—1547)

PEW (Mid. Eng. puwe, through O. Fr. puya, pui, mod, puy, in the sense of hill, cf. appuyer, to lean against; from Lat. podium, a high place, balcony; Gr. lrb&ov, pedestal, 'roes, foot)

JOHANN FRIEDRICH PFAFF (1765–1825)

FRANZ PFEIFFER (1815—1868)

OTTO PFLEIDERER (1839—1908)

PFORTA, or SCHULPFORTA

PHAER (or PIAYET), THOMAS (151o?-156o)

PHAETHON (Gr. gSaEBwv, shining, radiant)

PHAGOCYTOSIS (Gr. 0ayeiv, to eat, devour, and KtTOS, cell)

PHALANX (Gr. /&Xa'y, , of unknown origin)

PHALLICISM, or PHALLISM (from Gr. cbaXAos)

PHARAOH (Par'oh)

PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF ZINC

PHARMACOPOEIA (lit. the art of the OapµaK07robbs, or drug-compounder)

PHARMACOSIDERITE

PHEIDON (8th or 7th century B.C.)

AUSTIN PHELPS (182o-1890)

EDWARD JOHN PHELPS (1822-I900)

SAMUEL PHELPS (1804-1878)

PHENAZINE (Azophenylene), C12H5N2

PHENOLPHTHALEIN

PHERECYDES OF LEROS

PHERECYDES OF SYROS

PHIGALIA, or PHIGALEIA ( tykXca or f'tyaXeia; mod. Pavlitsa)

PHILARET [THEODORE NIKITICH ROIIANOV] (? 1553–1633)

PHILATELY (Gr. 4 Aos, loving, and &TeXils, free of tax)

PHILEMON (c. 361–263 B.C.)

EPISTLE TO PHILEMON

MANUEL PHILES (c. 1275–1345)

FRANCOIS ANDRE DANICAN PHILIDOR (1726-1795)

PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)

PHILIP HENRY STANHOPE

PHILIP OF SAVOY

PHILIP THE BOLD (1342-1404)

PHILIP THE GOOD (1396-1467)

JOHN PHILIP (1775-1851)

KING PHILIP (c. 1639-1676)

LANOGRAVE OF HESSE PHILIP (1504-1567)

PHILIPPA OF HAINAUT (c. 1314-1369)

PHILIPPE LOUIS MARC ANTOINE

PHILIPPI (Turk. Filibejik)

EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, or THE PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPOPOLIS (Bulgarian, Plovdiv; Turkish, Felibe)

MARCUS JULIUS PHILIPPUS

AMBROSE PHILIPS (c. 1675-1749)

JOHN PHILIPS (1676-1708)

KATHARINE PHILIPS (1631-1664)

SIR ROBERT JOSEPH PHILLIMORE (1810-1885)

JOHN PHILLIP (1817-1867)

ADELAIDE PHILLIPS (1833-1882)

EDWARD PHILLIPS (163o-1696)

JOHN PHILLIPS (1800—1874)

SAMUEL PHILLIPS (1814—1854)

STEPHEN PHILLIPS (1868– )

THOMAS PHILLIPS (1770-1845)

WENDELL PHILLIPS (1811-1884)

HENRY PHILLPOTTS (1778-1869)

PHILO OF BYZANTIUM

PHILO OF LARISSA

HERENNIUS PHILO

PHILOLAUS (b. c. 48o)

PHILOMEL (Fr. Philomele; Ger. Philomele or Stahlgeige)

PHILOPOEMEN (253–184 B.C.)

JOANNES PHILOPONUS (JOHN THE GRAMMARIAN)

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

PHILOXENUS (Syriac, Aksenaya)

PHILTRE (Lat. philtrum, from Gr. i1Xepov, cbLXe'iv, to love)

PHLEBITIS (from Gr. OW, a vein)

PHLOX (Nat. Ord. Polemoniaceae)

PHOCAEA (mod. Fukia or Fokha)

PHOEBUS (Gr. for " bright," " pure,")

PHOENIX (Gr. 4oivt )

PHOENIX ISLANDS

PHONETICS (Gr. Davit, voice)

PHONOGRAPH (Gr. c&JP , sound, ypacbew, to write)

PHONOLITE (Gr. ~vi7, sound, and Moos, stone)

PHOSPHORESCENCE

PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

PHOTIUS (c. 82o-891)

PHOTOCHEMISTRY (Gr. 4&n, light, and " chemistry ")

PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING

PHOTOGRAPHY (Gr. bias, light, and ypa w, to write)

CELESTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

PHOTOMETRY (from Gr. (Pews, xarrbs, light, µerpov, a measure)

GEORGE [GEORGIOS PHRANTZES] PHRANTZA (1401-C. 1477)

PHRENOLOGY (from Gr. OOP, mind, and Xbyos, discourse)

PHTHALAZINES (benzo-orthodiazines or benzopyridazines)

PHTHALIC ACIDS, or BENZENE DICARBOXYLIC

PHTHISIS (Gr. 49Lnns " wasting ")

PHYLACTERY (4 vXaKTipwv)

PHYLLITE (Gr. 40)XAov, a leaf, probably because they yield leaf-like plates, owing to their fissility)

PHYLLOCACTUS (fig. 3)

PHYLLOXERA (Gr. 4suXXov, leaf, and Erlpbs, dry)

PHYSICAL PHENOMENA

PHYSIOCRATIC SCHOOL

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE ARCTIC

PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SPINAL

PIACENZA (Lat. Placentia)

PIANOFORTE (Ital. piano, soft, and forte, loud)

PIANOSA (anc. Planasia)

PIATRA (PEATRA)

CARLO ALFREDO PIATTI (1822-1901)

PIAUHY, or PIAUHI

SEIGNEUR DE GUY DU FAUR PIBRAC (1529-1584)

LOUIS JOSEPH ERNEST PICARD (1821-1877)

PICARDY (La Picardie)

THE PICARESQUE NOVEL

PICCANINNY, or PICKANINNY

NICCOLO PICCININO (1386-1444)

NICCOLA PICCINNI (1728-1800)

PICCOLO (Fr. petite filte octave; Ger. Pickelflote; Ital. flauto piccolo or ottavino)

PRINCE OCTAVIO PICCOLOMINI (1599-1656)

CHARLES PICHEGRU (1761-1804)

KAROLINE PICHLER (1769-1843)

ANDREW PICKENS (1739- 1817)

FRANCIS WILKINSON PICKENS (1805-1869)

EDWARD CHARLES PICKERING (1846- )

TIMOTHY PICKERING (174 1829)

WILLIAM LAMB PICKNELL (1854-1897)

COUNT GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA (1463-1494)

PICRIC ACID, or TRINITROPHENOL, C6H2

PICRITE (from Gr. 7rsKpos, bitter, because these rocks are rich in magnesia, a base which forms bitter salts)

FRANCOIS JULES PICTET DE LA RIVE (1809—1872)

PIDINAIII ITITCAI 3111

PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

FRANKLIN PIERCE (1804—1869)

PIERO (1443—1496)

PIERO DI COSIMO (1462-1521)

PIERRE DE CASTELNAU (d. 1208)

PIERRE HUBER (1777–1840)

WILLIAM PIERREPONT (c. 1607-1678)

PIERROT (Ital. Pedrolino)

HENRY HUGO [properly HENRY HUGH PEARSON] PIERSON (181 1873)

PIETERMARITZBURG

PIETRO DELLA VIGNA, or PIER DELLE VIGNE [PETRIIS DE VINEAS or DE VINEIS] (c. 1190-1249)

PIETRO ORSEOLO I

PIETRO ORSEOLO II

PIETRO PERUGINO

PIG (a word of obscure origin, connected with the Low Ger. and Dut. word of the same meaning, bigge)

JEAN BAPTISTE PIGALLE (1714-1785)