See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

GILBERT See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR FIALIN See also:

• JEAN GILBERT VICTOR FIALIN PERSIGNY

PERSIGNY  , DucDE (1808-1872), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• LESPINASSE, JEANNE JULIE ELEONORE DE (1732-1776)

Lespinasse (See also:

• LOIRE

Loire) on the 11th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1808, the son of a See also:

• RECEIVER

receiver of taxes . He was educated at See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges, and entered the cavalryschool at See also:

• SAUMUR

Saumur in 1826, becoming marechal See also:

• DES

des logis in the 4th Hussars two years later . The See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share taken by his See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment in supporting the revolution of 183o was regarded as insubordination, and next See also:

• YEAR

year Fialin was dismissed from the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . He became a journalist, and in 1833 became a strong Bonapartist, assuming the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de See also:

• PERSIGNY, JEAN GILBERT VICTOR FIALIN

Persigny, said to be dormant in his See also:

• FAMILY

family . He planned the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt on See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg in 1836 and that on See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne in 1840 . At Boulogne he was arrested and condemned to twenty years' imprisonment in a fortress, shortly afterwards commuted into mild detention at See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles, where he wrote a See also:

• BOOK

book to prove that the Pyramids were built to prevent the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile from silting up . This was published in 1845 under the title, De la Destination et de l'utilite permanente des Pyramides . At the revolution of 1848 he was arrested by the provisional See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and on his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in securing the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon to the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency . With See also:

• MORNY, CHARLES AUGUSTE LOUIS JOSEPH

Morny and the See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal Saint See also:

• ARNAUD, HENRI (1641-1721)

Arnaud he plotted the restoration of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, and was a devoted servant of Napoleon III . He succeeded Morny as See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior in January 1852, and later in the year became senator . He resigned See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in 1854, being appointed next year to the See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy, which he occupied with a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• INTERVAL

interval (1858-1859) until 1860, when he resumed the See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

portfolio of the interior . But the growing See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of his See also:

• RIVAL

rival See also:

• ROUHER, EUGENE (1814-1884)

Rouher provoked his resignation in 1863, when he received the title of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke .

A more dangerous enemy than Rouher was the empress See also:

• EUGENIE

Eugenie, whose See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage he had opposed and whose presence in the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council chamber he deprecated in a memorandum which See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the empress's hands . He sought in vain to see Napoleon before he started to take over the command in 1870, and the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach was further widened when See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master and servant were in See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . Persigny returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in 1871, and died at See also:

• NICE

Nice on the 11th of January 1872 . See Memoires du duc de Persigny (2nd ed., 1896), edited by H. de Laire d'Espagny, his former secretary; an eulogistic See also:

• LIFE

life, Le Due de Persigny (1865), by Delaroa; and Emile 011ivier's Empire liberal (1895, &c.) .