See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

ALEXANDER See also:

• ALEXANDER PETOFI (1823—1849)

PETOFI (1823—1849)  , Hungarian lyric poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Kis-KOrOsO, Pest See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, on New See also:

• YEAR

Year's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day, 1823 . The See also:

• FAMILY

family received its diploma of See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold in 1688, but the ultra-patriotic See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early changed the old family name, Petrovics, which pointed to a Croatian origin, into. the purely Magyar See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• PETOFI, ALEXANDER (1823—1849)

Petofi . The lad's early days were spent at Felegyhaz and Szabadszallas, the most Hungarian parts of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, where he got most of his early See also:

• EDUCATION

education, including a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good grounding in Latin . See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German he learnt subsequently at Pesth, .and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French he taught himself . He began See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing verses in his twelfth year, while a student at the Asz6d gymnasium, where he also displayed a strong predilection for the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, to the disgust of his rigorous See also:

• FATHER

father, who formally disowned his son, early in 1839, for some trifling peccadillo, and whose tyrannical See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper became downright furious when a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of misfortunes ruined him utterly in 1840 . For the next three years Petofi led the wretched See also:

• LIFE

life of a strolling player, except for a brief See also:

• INTERVAL

interval when, to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape See also:

• STARVATION

starvation, he enlisted as a See also:

• COMMON

common soldier in an See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment . During the greater See also:

• PART

part of 1842 we find him a student at the Calvinist See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College at Papa, where he made the acquaintance of See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young J6kai, and wrote the poem " Boroz6," which the See also:

• GREAT

great critic See also:

• BAJZA, JOSEPH (1804-1858)

Bajza at once inserted in the leading See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review, the See also:

• ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum (May 22, 1842) . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November of the same year the restless poet quitted Papa to join another travelling troupe, playing on one occasion the See also:

• FOOL (O. Fr. fol, modern fou, foolish, from a Late Latin use of follis, bellows, a ball filled with air, for a stupid person, a jester, a wind-bag)

Fool in See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• LEAR, EDWARD (1812-1888)

Lear, and after wandering all over Hungary and suffering incredible hardships, finally settled down at Pesth (1844), where for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he supported himself by all sorts of literary hack-See also:

• WORK

work . Nevertheless, in the midst of his worst privations he had read voraciously, and was at this time profoundly influenced by the dominant Romanticism of the day; while, through See also:

• TIECK, JOHANN LUDWIG

Tieck, he learnt to know and value the See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare . His first See also:

• VOLUME

volume of See also:

• ORIGINAL

original poems was published in 1844 by the Society Nemzeti Kor, through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the poet See also:

• VOROSMARTY, MIHALY (1800-1855)

Vorosmarty, when every publisher had refused his MS., and the seventy-five florins which he got for it had become a See also:

• MATTER

matter of life or See also:

• DEATH

death to him . He now became a See also:

• REGULAR

regular contributor to the leading papers of Pesth, and was reconciled to his parents, whom he practically supported for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of their lives out of his literary earnings . His position, if not exactly brilliant, was now at least secure .

The little volume published by the Nemzeti Kor was followed by the See also:

• PARODY (Gr. s-apybia, literally a song sung beside, a comic parallel)

parody, A Helyseg Kalepdcsa (1844); the romantic epic Janos Vitez (1844); Ciprislombok Etelke SIrjdrOl, a collection of passionate elegies over his lost love, Etelke Csap6 (1845); Uti Jegyzetek, an See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of See also:

• HEINE, HEINRICH, (1797-1856)

Heine's Reisebilder (1845); Szerelem Gyongyei (1845); Felhok (1846); Szerelme es hdzassoiiga (1846), and many other volumes . The first edition of his coliected poems appeared in 1847 . Petofi was not yet twenty-five, and, despite the protests of the classicists, who regarded him with See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold dislike, the best heads in Hungary, poets like Vorosmarty and critics like Szemere, already paid him the See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage due to the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Magyar lyrical poets . The great public was enthusiastic on the same See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and posterity, too, has placed him among the immortals . Petofi is as See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and genuine a poet of nature as See also:

• WORDSWORTH, CHARLES (1806–1892)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1774–1846)
• WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER (1807–1885)
• WORDSWORTH, DOROTHY (1771-1855)
• WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM (1770-185o)

Wordsworth or See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• WINTHER, CHRISTIAN (1796–1876)

Winther, and his erotics, inspired throughout by a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• IDEALISM (from Gr. i5Ea, archetype or model, through been urged of the truth of its point of view is the persistency Fr. idealisme)

idealism, have all See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron's force and fervour, though it is perhaps in his See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial songs that Petoh's essentially passionate and defiant See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius asserts itself most triumphantly . On the 8th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1847 Petofi married Julia Szendrey, who See also:

• BORE

bore him a son . When the revolutionary See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out, he espoused the tenets of the extreme democratic See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction with a See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat and recklessness which estranged many of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends . He took an active part in the Transylvanian See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of the heroic See also:

• BEM, JOSEF (1795–1850)

Bem; See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose by sheer valour to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major; was slain at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• SEGESVAR (Ger. Schdssburg)

Segesvar (See also:

• JULY

July 31, 1849), and his See also:

• BODY

body, which was never recovered, is supposed to have been buried in the common See also:

• GRAVE

grave of the fallen honveds in the See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard of Feheregyhaz . The first See also:

• COMPLETE

complete edition of Petofi's poems appeared in 1874 . The best See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition is that of Haras, 1894 . There are numerous indifferent German See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations . See Ferenczi, Petofi Eletrajza; See also:

• FISCHER
• FISCHER, EMIL (1852– )
• FISCHER, ERNST KUNO BERTHOLD (1824–1907)

Fischer, Petofi's Leben and Werke (R .

N .