See also:

• PHEIDON (8th or 7th century B.C.)

PHEIDON (8th or 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C.)  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ARGOS

Argos, generally, though wrongly, called " See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant." According to tradition he flourished during the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 8th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C . He was a vigorous and energetic ruler and greatly increased the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of Argos . He gradually regained sway over the various cities of the Argive confederacy, the members of which had become practically See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent, and (in the words of See also:

• EPHORUS (c. 400–330 B.C.)

Ephorus) " re-See also:

• UNITED

united the broken fragments of the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of Temenus." His See also:

• OBJECT

object was to secure predominance for Argos in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• PELOPONNESUS (" Island of Pelops ")

Peloponnesus . According to See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, he attempted to break the power of See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth, by requesting the See also:

• CORINTHIANS

Corinthians to send him moo of their picked youths, ostensibly to aid him inwar, his real intention being to put them to See also:

• DEATH

death; but the See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot was revealed . See also:

• PHEIDON (8th or 7th century B.C.)

Pheidon assisted the Pisatans to expel the Elean superintendents of the Olympian See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games and presided at the festival himself . The Eleans, however, refused to recognize the See also:

• OLYMPIAD

Olympiad or to include it in the See also:

• REGISTER

register, and shortly afterwards, with the aid of the Spartans, who are said to have looked upon Pheidon as having ousted them from the headship of See also:

• GREECE

Greece, defeated Pheidon and were reinstated in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Pisatis and their former privileges . Pheidon is said to have lost his See also:

• LIFE

life in a See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction fight at Corinth, where the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy had recently been overthrown . The affair of the games has an important bearing on his date . See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias (vi . 22, 2) definitely states that Pheidon presided at the festival in the 8th Olympiad (i.e. in 748 B.C.), but in the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the suitors of Agariste, daughter of See also:

• CLEISTHENES

Cleisthenes of See also:

• SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older form used by the natives)

Sicyon, given by See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, there occurs the name of Leocedes (Lacedas), son of Pheidon of Argos . According to this, Pheidon must have flourished during the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PART

part of the 6th century . It has therefore been assumed that Herodotus confused two Pheidons, both See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Argos .

The suggested substitution in the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of Pausanias of the 28th for the 8th Olympiad (i.e . 668 instead of 748) would not bring it into agreement with Herodotus, for even then Pheidon's son could not have been a suitor in 570 for the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of Agariste . But the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of Agariste's wooing resembles See also:

• ROMANCE

romance and has slight See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological value . On the whole, See also:

• MODERN

modern authorities assign Pheidon to the first half of the 7th century . Herodotus further states that Pheidon established a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of weights and See also:

• MEASURES

measures throughout Peloponnesus, to which Ephorus and the Parian See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle add that he was the first to See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• MONEY

money, and that his See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint was at See also:

• AEGINA
• AEGINA (EGINA or ENGIA)

Aegina . But according to the better authority of Herodotus (i . 94) and See also:

• XENOPHANES

Xenophanes of See also:

• COLOPHON

Colophon, the Lydians were the first coiners of money at the beginning of the 7th century, and, further, the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest known Aeginetan coins are of later date than Pheidon . Hence, unless a later Pheidon is assumed, the statement of Ephorus must be considered unhistorical . No such difficulty occurs in regard to the weights and measures; it is generally agreed that a system was already in existence in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Pheidon, into which he introduced certain changes . A passage in the Aristotelian Constitution of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens (x . 2) states that the measures used before the Solonian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of reform were called " Pheidonian." See Herodotus vi . 127; Ephorus in See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo viii .

358, 376; Plutarch, Amatoriae narrations, 2; Marmor parium, ep . 30; See also:

• POLLUX, JULIUS
• POLLUX, or POLLUCITE

Pollux ix . 83; Nicolaus Damascenus, frag . 41 (in C . W . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller's See also:

• FROG

Frog. hist. graecorum, iii.); G . See also:

• GROTE, GEORGE (1794–1871)

Grote, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Greece, pt. ii. ch . 4; B . V . See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head, Ilistoria Numorum (1887) ; F . Hultsch, Griechische and romische Metrologie (1882); G . See also:

• RAWLINSON, GEORGE (1812-1902)
• RAWLINSON, RICHARD (169o-1755)
• RAWLINSON, SIR HENRY CRESWICKE (1810—1895)
• RAWLINSON, SIR ROBERT (1810—1898)

Rawlinson's Herodotus, appendix, bk. i., See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note 8 .

On the question of Pheidon's date, see J . B . See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury, History of Greece, ii . 468 (1 02); J . P . See also:

• MAHAFFY, JOHN PENTLAND (1839- )

Mahaffy, Problems in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek History, ch . 3 (1892); J . G . Frazer's note on Pausanias vi . 22, 2; and especially G . Busolt, Griechische Geschichte (2nd ed., 1893), ch. iii . 12 .

C . Trieber, Pheidon von Argos (See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover, 1880) , and J . Beloch, in Rheinisches Museum, xlv . 595 (1890), favour a later date, about 580 .