See also:

• PHILATELY (Gr. 4 Aos, loving, and &TeXils, free of tax)

PHILATELY (Gr. 4 Aos, loving, and &TeXils, See also:

• FREE

free of tax)  , the study and collection of See also:

• POSTAGE

postage-stamps and other marks of pre-See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment issued by See also:

• POST

post-offices . The See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy for See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting postage-stamps began a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time after the issue of the first See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. " pawn,". the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with G
• PENNY, GIANFRANCESCO (1488–1528)

penny and two-penny stamps in 184o (see POST and POSTAL SERVICE) . Dr See also:

• GRAY
• GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
• GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
• GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
• GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
• GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
• GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
• GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
• GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
• GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
• GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
• GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
• GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)

Gray, an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official of the British Museum, began collecting them soon after their See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, and an See also:

• ADVERTISEMENT, or ADVERTISING (Fr. avertissement, warning, or notice)

advertisement in an issue of The Times of 1841 asks for gifts of cancelled stamps for a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady . In 1842 the new See also:

• HOBBY

hobby was ridiculed in See also:

• PUNCH

Punch . It was not until about 186o, however, that See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

stamp collecting began to be systematically carried on with full regard to such minutiae as the different kinds of See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, See also:

• WATER

water-marks, perforation, shade of See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and distinctive outline . About 1862 a teacher in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris directed that See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign stamps should be collected and pasted upon the pages of his pupils' atlases and geographies according to countries, and this may have been the first See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the systematic See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification of stamps in a collection . Of existing collections the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest were begun between 1853 and 186o, by which See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French collectors had assumed especial prominence . Professional dealers now made their appearance, and in 1861 philatelic literature, now of vast extent, was inaugurated by the publication in Strasburg of a See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of stamps issued up to that time . The Paris collectors were the first to classify stamps, measure them by the See also:

• GAUGE, or GAGE (Med. Lat. gauja, jaugia, Fr. jauge, perhaps connected with Fr. jale, a bowl, galon, gallon)

gauge, See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note the water-marks and See also:

• SEPARATE

separate the distinct issues of each See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Collecting with due regard to the relationship of different issues is called plating . The first See also:

• ENGLISH

English catalogue was issued in 1862, followed in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December of the same year by The Stamp See also:

• COLLECTOR

Collector's See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review and Monthly Advertiser, published in See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool, the first philatelic periodical, the second, The Stamp Collector's See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine, appearing in 1863 . In 1863 also appeared Le Timbre-Poste, a See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal .

Up to 1910 over 800 philatelic See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals had appeared . Although small bodies of enthusiasts had banded together in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and the See also:

• UNITED

United States for the study and collection of postage-stamps as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1865, it was not until 1869 that the first See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club, the Philatelic Society of See also:

• LONDON

London, still the most important in the See also:

• WORLD

world, was founded . Other See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies in Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain are the Junior Philatelic of London, and those of See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham, See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh and See also:

• LEITH

Leith . The leading society in See also:

• AMERICA

America is. the See also:

• AMERICAN

American Philatelic Association; in France the Societe francaise de timbrologie; in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany the Internationaler Philatelisten-Verein . More than 400 such organizations are now in existence, the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of them in the United States and Germany . At a philatelic See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, held in London in 1910, the formation of a universal See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of philatelic societies " to discourage unnecessary or speculative issues " was considered . Not only the stamps themselves were collected, but " entires," i.e. postcards, envelopes with the stamps still adhering, &c . Marks of prepayment at last became so numerous that, about 188o, specialists began to appear, who restricted their collections to the stamps of some particular country or See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent, or topostcards or newspaper-wrappers alone . The most extensive and valuable stamp collection in the world, that of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron P. von Ferrary of Paris, was begun about 1865 . This collection, which cost its owner at least £250,000, contains a cancelled and an uncancelled specimen of each stamp . The next greatest collection is that bequeathed to the British nation in 1891 by T . K .

Tapling, M.P., now in the British Museum . Among other important collections may be mentioned those in the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Postal Museum in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George V. of England, W . B . Avery, H . J . Duveen and the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• CRAWFORD, EARLS OF
• CRAWFORD, FRANCIS MARION (1854–1909)
• CRAWFORD, THOMAS (1814–1857)
• CRAWFORD, WILLIAM HARRIS (1772–1834)

Crawford . The largest sum realized for an entire collection was £27,500, which was paid for that of M . P . See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, consisting of See also:

• EUROPEAN

European stamps only . The value of a stamp depends partly upon its See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, but much more upon its rarity, which again is dependent upon the number of the particular stamps originally issued . Most stamps have a quoted value, but some possess a conventional value only, such as those of which only one or two specimens are known to exist; for instance, the one-cent stamp of the 1856 issue of British See also:

• GUIANA (Guyana, Guayana')

Guiana (one known copy); the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian 15 centesimi stamp of 1865 converted by an overprint into 20 centesimi (one copy); the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope triangular, printed by See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake on paper intended for stamps of other colonies (four copies) ; and the 2 cent stamps of the earliest issue of British Guiana (ten copies) . The best known of the very rare stamps are the 1d. and 2d .

" Post-See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office " See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius, for which higher prices have been paid than for any other stamps, although 23 copies are known to exist out of the r000 issued . For a See also:

• FINE

fine specimen of these Mauritius stamps £2000 has been offered . Two of them have been sold for £2400 . Philatelic exhibitions such as those held in London in 1890 and 1897 and in Manchester in 1909 have proved popular . " Reprints " are reimpressions, taken from the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original plates, of obsolete stamps, and have a much smaller value than specimens of the original issue . Forgeries of the rarer stamps are See also:

• COMMON

common but are easily detected . See also:

• MODERN

Modern postage-stamp albums are often beautiful specimens of the printer's See also:

• ART

art, reproductions of every known stamp being given in the original See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours . See W . J . See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy and E . D . See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon, The Stamp Collector (London, 1898) ; See also:

• OLIVER, ISAAC (c. 1566--1617)
• OLIVER, PETER (1594-1648)

Oliver See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth, Postage Stamps and Their Collection, (1897) ; F .

J . See also:

• MELVILLE, ANDREW (1545-1622)
• MELVILLE, ARTHUR (1858-1904)
• MELVILLE, JAMES (1556-1614)
• MELVILLE, SIR JAMES (1535-1617)

Melville, A B C of Stamp Collecting (1903) ; Calman and See also:

• COLLIN
• COLLIN, HEINRICH JOSEPH VON (1771-1811)

Collin, Catalogue for Advanced Collectors (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1902) ; See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings E . See also:

• WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON (1840-1909)
• WRIGHT, CHAUNCEY (1830-1875)
• WRIGHT, JOSEPH (1734-1797)
• WRIGHT, SILAS (1795-1847)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1809–1884)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1810—1877)
• WRIGHT, WILLIAM ALDIS (1836– )

Wright and A . B . Creeke, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Adhesive Stamps of the British Isles (London, 1899) ; J . K . See also:

• TIFFANY, CHARLES LEWIS (1812-1902)
• TIFFANY, LOUIS COMFORT (1848- )

Tiffany, Stamp Collector's Library See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

Companion (See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, 1889) ; Luff, The Postage Stamps of the United States (New York, 1 02); W . E . Daniells, History of British Post-marks (London, 1898); L . Salefranque, Le Timbre a travers l'histoire (See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, 189o) ; R . Senf, Illustrierter Postwerthzeichenkatalog (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, annually) ; Krotzsch, Permanentes Handbuch der Postfreimarkenkunde (Leipzig, annually) ; periodicals: The London Philatelist (monthly) ; Illustrierte Briefmarken-Zeitung (Leipzig) .