See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

TIMOTHY See also:

• PICKERING
• PICKERING, EDWARD CHARLES (1846- )
• TIMOTHY PICKERING (174 1829)

PICKERING (174 1829)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American politician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• SALEM

Salem, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 17th of See also:

• JULY

July 1745 . He graduated from Harvard See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in 1763 and was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar in 1768 . In the pre-revolutionary controversies he identified himself with the American Whigs; in 1773 he prepared for Salem a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper entitled See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of the Rights of the Colonists; in 1775 he drafted a memorial protesting against the See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• BILL

Bill; and in 1776 he was a representative from Salem in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court of Massachusetts . In 1766 he had been commissioned See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant and in 1769 See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in the See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia; See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1775 he published An Easy See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

Plan of Discipline for a Militia, adopted in May 1776 by the General Court for use by the militia of Massachusetts, and he was elected See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of his See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year he became See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the court of See also:

• COMMON

common pleas for Essex county, and See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole judge of the maritime court for the counties of See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk, Essex and See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex . In the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1776–1777 he led an Essex regiment of See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers to New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and he subsequently served as See also:

• ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant-general (See also:

• JUNE

June 1777–See also:

• JAN

Jan . 1778) and later as quartermaster-general (1780–1785) ; he was also a member of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war from the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1777 until its abolition . With the aid of some See also:

• OFFICERS

officers he See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up, in See also:

• APRIL

April 1783, a plan for the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West territory, which provided for the exclusion of See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery . In 1785 he became a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant in See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia; but in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1786, soon after the legislature of See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania had passed a bill for erecting See also:

• WYOMING

Wyoming See also:

• DISTRICT

district into the county of Luzerne, he was appointed prothonotary and a judge of the court of common pleas and clerk of the court of sessions and orphans' court for the new county, and was commissioned to organize the county . He offered to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase for himself the See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title to a See also:

• FARM

farm, and in the following year he was appointed a member of a commission to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle claimsaccording to the terms of an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, of which he was the author, confirming the Connecticut titles (see WYOMING VALLEY and WILKES-See also:

• BARRE
• BARRE, ISAAC (1726-1802)

BARRE) . See also:

• PICKERING
• PICKERING, EDWARD CHARLES (1846- )
• PICKERING, TIMOTHY (174 1829)

Pickering was a member of the Pennsylvania See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention of 1787 which ratified the Federal constitution, and of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention of 1789–1790 . In November 1790 he negotiated a See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with the See also:

• SENECA

Seneca See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, and he concluded See also:

• TREATIES

treaties with the Six Nations in July 1791, in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1792 and in November 1794 .

Under See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington he was postmaster-general (1791–1795), secretary of war (1795), and after See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1795 secretary of state, to which position he was reappointed (1797) by See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams . In 1783, while he was quartermaster-general, he had presented a plan for a military See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy at West Point, and now, as secretary of war, he supervised the West Point military See also:

• POST

post with a view to its See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion into a military academy . As See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the state See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department he soon came into conflict with Adams . His hatred of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France made it impossible for him to sympathize with the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president's efforts to settle the See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences with that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country on a peaceable basis . Ile used all his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence to hamper the president and to advance the See also:

• POLITICAL

political interests of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, until he was dismissed, after refusing to resign, in May 1800 . Returning to Massachusetts, he served as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of the court of common pleas of Essex county in 1802–1803 . He was a See also:

• UNITED

United States senator in 1803–1811 and a member of the Federal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Representatives in 1813–1817 . As an ultra Federalist—he was a prominent member of the See also:

• GROUP

group known as the Essex Junto—he strongly opposed the purchase of See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana and the War of 1812 . He died at Salem, Massachusetts, on the 29th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1829 . The See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography is that by his son, Octavius Pickering (1791–1868), and C . W . Upham, The See also:

• LIFE

Life of See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

Timothy Pickering (4 vols., Boston, 1867–1873) .

In the library of the Massachusetts See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society at Boston, there are sixty-two See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript volumes of the Pickering papers, an See also:

• INDEX

index to which was published in the Collections of the society, 6th See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, vol. viii . (Boston, 1896) . His son, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN PICKERING (1777–1846), graduated at Harvard in 1796, studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and was private secretary to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, United States See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister to See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, in 1797–1799, and to See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King, minister to See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, in 1799–1801 . He practised law in Salem and (after 1827) in Boston, where he was See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city See also:

• SOLICITOR

solicitor in 1827–1846, and wrote much on law and especially on the See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages of the North-American Indians . He was a founder of the American See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental Society and published an excellent Comprehensive See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

Language (1826) . See See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary O . Pickering (his daughter), Life of John Pickering (Boston, 1887) . Timothy Pickering's See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES PICKERING (1805-1878), graduated at Harvard College in 1823 and at the Harvard Medical School in 1826, practised See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine in Philadelphia, was naturalist to the Wilkes exploring expedition of 1838–1842, and in 1843–1845 travelled in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . He wrote The Races of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man and their See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

Distribution (1848), Geographical Distribution of Animals and Man (1854), Geographical Distribution of See also:

• PLANTS

Plants (1861) and See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

Chronological See also:

• HISTORY

History of Plants (1879) .