See also:

• PILLORY (0. Fr. pilori, Prov. espitlori, from Lat. speculatorium, a place of observation or " peep-hole ")

PILLORY (0. Fr. pilori, Prov. espitlori, from See also:

• LAT

Lat. speculatorium, a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of observation or " peep-hole ")  , an See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument of See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment which consisted of a wooden See also:

• POST

post and See also:

• FRAME

frame fixed on a See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform raised several feet from the ground, behind which the See also:

• CULPRIT

culprit stood, his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and his hands being thrust through holes in the frame (as are the feet in the See also:

• STOCKS

stocks) so as to be held fast, exposed in front of it . This frame in the more complicated forms of the instrument consisted of a perforated See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron circle, which secured the heads and hands of several persons at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, but it was commonly capable of holding only one . In the statutes of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. it is enacted that every See also:

• PILLORY (0. Fr. pilori, Prov. espitlori, from Lat. speculatorium, a place of observation or " peep-hole ")

pillory or " stretch-See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck " should be made of convenient strength so that See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution might be done on offenders without peril of their bodies . It was customary to shave the heads wholly or partially, and the beards of men, and to cut off the See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair and even in extreme cases to shave the heads of See also:

• FEMALE

female culprits . Some of the offences punished in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England by the pillory will be found enumerated in a See also:

• STATUTE

statute of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III . (1266) . By this "Statute of the Pillory" it was ordered as the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty for " forestallers and regrators, users of deceitful weights, perjurers and forgers." See also:

• STOW, JOHN (c. 1525-1605)

Stow, describing Cornhill pillory, says: " On the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the cage (a strong See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison of See also:

• TIMBER

timber) was placed a pillory for the punishment of bakers offending in the See also:

• ASSIZE

assize of See also:

• BREAD

bread, for millers stealing See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn at the See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill, for bawds, scolds and other offenders." Until 1637 the pillory was reserved for such offenders . In that See also:

• YEAR

year an attack was made on the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

Press, and the pillory became the recognized punishment of those who published books without a See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence or libelled the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• LEIGHTON, FREDERICK LEIGHTON, BARON (183o–1896)
• LEIGHTON, ROBERT (161x—1684)

Leighton, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Lilburn, See also:

• PRYNNE, WILLIAM (1600-1669)

Prynne and See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel See also:

• DEFOE, DANIEL (c. 1.659—1731)

Defoe were among those who suffered . These were popular favourites, and their exposures in the pillory were converted into public triumphs . See also:

• TITUS
• TITUS, FLAVIUS SABINUS VESPASIANUS
• TITUS, THE EPISTLE TO

Titus See also:

• OATES, TITUS (1649-1705)

Oates, however, was put in the pillory in 1685 and nearly killed . In 1816 the pillory was abolished except for See also:

• PERJURY (through the Anglo-Fr. perjurie, modern parjure, Lat. perjurium, a false oath, perjurare, to swear falsely)

perjury and subornation, and the perjurer See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Bossy was the last to stand in the pillory at the Old See also:

• BAILEY (said to be a corruption of Ballium by some, and derived by others from the Fr. baille, a corruption of bataille, because there the soldiers were drilled in battle array)
• BAILEY, NATHAN
• BAILEY, PHILIP JAMES (1816-1902)
• BAILEY, SAMUEL (1791-1870)

Bailey for one See also:

• HOUR

hour on the 22nd of See also:

• JUNE

June 183o .

It was finally abolished in 1837 at the end of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV.'s reign . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France the pillory, called See also:

• TARTAN (from F. tiretaine, " linsie-wolsie," Sp. tiritana, a kind of woollen cloth, perhaps so called from its thinness and lightness, cf. Sp. tiritar, to tremble with cold)

tartan, was employed till 1832 . In See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany it was known as pranger . The pillory was used in the See also:

• AMERICAN

American colonies, and provisions as to its infliction existed in the See also:

• UNITED

United States statute books until 1839; it survived in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware until 1905 . See also:

• FINGER

Finger-pillories were at one time in See also:

• COMMON

common use as See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments of domestic punishment . Two stout pieces of See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, the top being hinged to the bottom or fixed piece, formed when closed a number of holes sufficiently deep to admit the finger to the second See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint, holding the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand imprisoned .