Online Encyclopedia

PILSEN (Czech, Plzen)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 614 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PILSEN (Czech, Plzen)  , a
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town of Bohemia, Austria, 68 m . W.S.W. of Prague by
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rail . Pop . (1900), 68,292, of which 94% are Czech . It is the second town of Bohemia, and lies at the confluence of the Radbusa and the Mies . It consists of the town proper, which is regularly built and surrounded with promenades on the site of the old ramparts, and of three suburbs . The most prominent buildings are the
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Gothic church of St Bartholomew, said to date from 1292, whose tower (325 ft.) is the highest in Bohemia, and the
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fine Renaissance town hall dating from the 16th century . The
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staple article of manufacture and commerce is
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beer, which is exported to all parts of the
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world . Other
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industrial products are machinery, enamelled tinware, leather,
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alum, paper, earthenware, stoves and
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spirits, while a tolerably brisk trade is carried on in wool, feathers, cattle and horses . In the neighbourhood are several
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coal-pits, iron-
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works and glass-works, as well as large deposits of
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kaolin . Pilsen first appears in
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history in 976, as the scene of a
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battle in the war between Prince Boleslaus and the emperor
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Otto II., and it became a town in 1272 . During the Hussite
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wars it was the centre of Catholic resistance to the
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Hussites; it was three times unsuccessfully besieged by
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Prokop the
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Great, and it took
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part in the
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league of the Romanist lords against King George of Podebrad .

During the

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Thirty Years' War the town was taken by Mansfield in 1618 and not recaptured by the Imperialists till 1621 . Wallenstein made it his winter-quarters in 1633, and it was in the great hall of the Rathaus that his generals took the oath of fidelity to him (
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January 1634) . The town was unsuccessfully besieged by the Swedes in 1637 and 1648 . The first Bohemian printing press was established here in 1468 .

End of Article: PILSEN (Czech, Plzen)
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