FERNAO MENDES See also:

• PINTO
• PINTO, ANIBAL (1825–1884)
• FERNAO MENDES PINTO (1509–1583)

PINTO (1509–1583)  , Portuguese adventurer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Montemor-o-Velho, of poor and humble parents, and entered the service of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady in See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, being afterwards for two years See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• AVEIRO

Aveiro in See also:

• SETUBAL (formerly called in English St Ubes and in French St Yves)

Setubal . Desiring to try his See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, he embarked for See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India In 1J37 in a See also:

• FLEET

fleet commanded by the son of Vasco da Gama, and for twenty-one years travelled, fought and traded in See also:

• CHINA

China, Tartary, See also:

• PEGU

Pegu and the neighbouring countries, sailing in every See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, while in 154.2-1543 he was one of the 'first Europeans to visit See also:

• JAPAN

Japan, where he introduced the See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket . Though he was thirteen times a See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive and seventeen times sold into See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery, his See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

gay and dauntless spirit brought him through every misfortune . He was soldier and sailor, See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant and See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor, missionary and See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador; moreover, as the friend and travel-See also:

• LING, PER HENRIK (1776-1839)

ling See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion of St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• XAVIER, FRANCISCO DE (1506-1552)

Xavier, he See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent the apostle of the Indies the See also:

• MONEY

money with which to build the first Jesuit See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment in Japan . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1 554 Mendes See also:

• PINTO
• PINTO, ANIBAL (1825–1884)
• PINTO, FERNAO MENDES (1509–1583)

Pinto was in See also:

• GOA

Goa, waiting for a See also:

• SHIP

ship to take him to See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, when he took a sudden See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution to enter the See also:

• COMPANY

company of Jesus and devote a large See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital he had accumulated to the evangelization of Japan . The See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy appointed him ambassador to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Bungo in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to give the See also:

• MISSION

mission an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• STANDING

standing, and on the 18th of See also:

• APRIL

April he set See also:

• SAIL

sail with the provincial, See also:

• FATHER

Father Belchior Nunes . Owing to See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather and contrary winds, however, the missioners did not reach Japan until See also:

• JULY

July 1556, but the success of the mission represented a notable service to the cause of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity and See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization . On the 14th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1556 Father Belchior and Mendes Pinto began their return voyage and reached Goa on the 17th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1557 . During his stay of a twelve-See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month there, the latter See also:

• LEFT

left the company, being dispensed from his vows for want of vocation at his own See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request, though a See also:

• MODERN

modern authority states that he was expelled because he was found to be a marrano, i.e. to possess Jewish See also:

• BLOOD

blood . He finally returned to Portugal on the 22nd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1558, and settled at Pragal near Almada, where he married and wrote his famous See also:

• BOOK

book, the Peregrination; the MS., in fulfilment of his wishes, was presented by his daughter to the Casa Pia for penitent See also:

• WOMEN

women in Lisbon, and it was published by the administrators in 1614 . When See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain came to Portugal as its king, he listened with See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure to the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Mendes Pinto's travels, and by See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of the 15th of January 1583 gave him a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension for his services in the Indies . But the See also:

• REWARD

reward came too See also:

• LATE

late, for the See also:

• GREAT

great traveller died on the 8th of July .

In the See also:

• LIGHT

light of our See also:

• PRESENT

present-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day knowledge of the East, Pinto is regarded as having been on the whole a careful observer and truthful narrator, but this was not always the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case . Some witty countryman of his own parodied his name into Ferndo, mentes ? See also:

• MINTO, EARLS OF
• MINTO, WILLIAM (1845-1893)

Minto 1 (" See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, do you See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie ? I do t" ) ; and the See also:

• ENGLISH

English dramatist See also:

• CONGREVE, RICHARD (1818-1899)
• CONGREVE, SIR WILLIAM
• CONGREVE, WILLIAM (167o-1729)

Congreve only expressed the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of the unlearned when he wrote in Love for Love " Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou liar of the first magnitude." It must be remembered that Pinto wrote the Peregrination See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long subsequent to the events he records, and this fact and a certain fertility of See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination sufficiently account for inexactitudes . Furthermore, as the book was only published posthumously, he never had the opportunity of correcting the proofs . Some of his most marvellous stories are expressly given on the authority of writers belonging to the countries he describes; others he tells from hearsay, and See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental informants are prone to exaggeration . But if he somewhat adorned the truth, he did not wilfully misrepresent it . The book itself gives the impression of sincerity, and the editors of the first edition See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness to the probity, See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good faith and truthfulness of Mendes Pinto as a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . See also:

• HERRERA, FERNANDO DE (c. 1534-1597)
• HERRERA, FRANCISCO (1576-1656)

Herrera Maldonado prefaced his See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Peregrination (162o) by a lengthy and erudite See also:

• APOLOGY (from Gr. &aoXoyia, defence)

apology to demonstrate its authenticity, and See also:

• CASTILHO, ANTONIO FELICIANO DE (1800-1875)

Castilho has reinforced his arguments by modern testimonies . In the narrative portions of his See also:

• WORK

work Pinto's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is See also:

• SIMPLE

simple, clear and natural, his diction See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich, particularly in sea terms, and appropriate to his varying subjects . There is an entire See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of artifice about the book, which must always See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank as a classic, and it might fairly be argued that Mendes Pinto did for the See also:

• PROSE

prose of Portugal what See also:

• CAMOENS [CAMOES], LUIS VAZ DE (1524-1580)

Camoens did for its See also:

• POETRY

poetry; this is the more remarkable, because it does not appear that he ever received any See also:

• EDUCATION

education in the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary sense . He wrote the book for his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children to learn to read by, and modestly excused its See also:

• LITERARY

literary defects by alleging his rudeness and lack of See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent .

Tradition has it that the MS. was entrusted to the chronicler Francisco de Andrade for the purpose of being polished in style and made ready for See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press, but that all he did was to See also:

• DIVIDE

divide it into chapters . The Peregrination has gone through many See also:

• EDITIONS

editions subsequent to that of 1614, and in 1865 Castilho published excerpts in his Livraria classica portugueza with an interesting See also:

• NOTICE

notice of Mendes Pinto's See also:

• LIFE

life and writings . Versions exist in See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German (3 editions), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French (3 editions), Spanish (4 editions), and in English by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Cogan, See also:

• LONDON

London (1663, 1692 and—abridged and illustrated, with introduction by See also:

• ARMINIUS
• ARMINIUS, JACOBUS (1560-1609)

Arminius See also:

• VAMBERY, ARMIN (1832– )

Vambery–1891) . Cogan omits the chapters See also:

• RELATING

relating to Mendes Pinto's intercourse with, and the last days of, St Francis Xavier, presumably as a concession to See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice . See Christovao Ayres, Ferndo Mendes Pinto (Lisbon, 1904), Ferndo Mendes Pinto e o Japao (Lisbon, 1906); also Subsidios .. . See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

Para a biographia de Ferndo Mendes Pinto by Jordao de Freitas (See also:

• COIMBRA

Coimbra, 1905) . (E .