See also:

• PIOTRKOW
• PIOTRKOW (Ger. Petrikau)

PIOTRKOW (Ger. Petrikau)  , a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, hounded by the government of See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw on the N., See also:

• RADOM

Radom and See also:

• KIELCE

Kielce on the E., See also:

• KALISZ

Kalisz on the W. and Prussian See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia on the S . See also:

• AREA

Area, 4729 sq. m.; pop . (1906, estimate), 1,67 5,200 . Geologically it represents a continuation of Upper Silesia, and is built up of Upper Carboniferous deposits, containing near Bendzin a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of See also:

• COAL

coal 265 sq. m. in extent . See also:

• PERMIAN

Permian and See also:

• JURASSIC

Jurassic deposits, containing See also:

• ZINC

zinc ores, as also See also:

• LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite and See also:

• LIMONITE, or BROWN IRON ORE

limonite See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron ores, overlie the Carboniferous . The See also:

• SURFACE

surface consists of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of heights, loon to 1600 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, intersected by ravines, and stretching from See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west to See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . The government is drained by the Warta and the Pilica, andwas formerly covered with thick forests . It was colonized by Mazurs and Poles (Veliko-Polyans and Malo-Polyans) . The government, which is the most densely peopled in the Russian See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, is divided into eight districts, of which the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns are See also:

• PIOTRKOW
• PIOTRKOW (Ger. Petrikau)

Piotrkow, Bendzin, Brzeziny, See also:

• CZENSTOCHOWA, or CHENSTOKHOV

Czenstochowa, Lask, See also:

• LODZ (L6dz; more correctly Lodzia)

Lodz, Nowo-Radom and Rawa . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-breeding are extensively carried on; and coal and iron are See also:

• MINED

mined . Textile See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed with extraordinary rapidity during the closing years of the 19th and the opening years of the loth centuries, the towns of Lodz, See also:

• PABIANICE

Pabianice, Zgerz and Bendzin all being important centres . Other branches of productive See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry are distilleries, breweries, See also:

• FLOUR

flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, brickyards, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement, See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass and See also:

• CANDLE (Lat. candela, from candere, to glow)

candle factories .

Granica and Sosnowice, in this government, are two of the mostimportant See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom-houses in See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, and the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is estimated at £22,000,000 .