C17H19NO3 See also:

• C17H19NO3 PIPERINE

PIPERINE  , an See also:

• ALKALOID

alkaloid found in the fruits of See also:

• PIPER, CARL, COUNT (1647-1716)

Piper nigrum and P. longum . It forms See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white prisms, which melt at 128°-219° . It is almost insoluble in See also:

• WATER

water, but readily soluble in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol and See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether . It is a very weak See also:

• BASE

base, salts being only formed with See also:

• MINERAL

mineral acids, and these are dissociated by water . Alcoholic potash decomposes it into piperidine, C5H11N, and piperic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, C,2H,0O4 . The constitution of piperic acid was elucidated by R . See also:

• FITTIG, RUDOLF (1835– )

Fittig and his pupils (See also:

• ANN

Ann., vols . 152, 159, 168, 216, 227) and shown to be (I) . See also:

• PIPERINE, C17H19NO3

Piperine consequently is (2) . - - /o-(\ CH/ O—\`--CH : CH .CH : CH•COOH O—\/ CH:CH•CH:CH•CO•N(See also:

• CH2
• CH2(OH)

CH2)5 (2) Oxidation with See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium permanganate converts piperic acid into See also:

• PIPERONAL (heliotropine, protocatechuic aldehyde methylene ether), C8H6O3

piperonal, C8H603, and piperonylic acid, C8H604 . The latter when heated with hydrochloric acid to 170°, or water to 200°, separates See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon with the formation of protocatechuic acid, I.2-dioxy-3-benzoic acid, C6H3(OH)20OOH . Conversely, by See also:

• HEATING

heating protocatechuic acid with potash and methylene iodide, piperonylic acid was regained .

These results show that piperonylic acid is the methylene ether of protocatechuic acid . Piperonal (q.v.) is the corresponding aldehyde . Piperic acid differs from piperonylic acid by the See also:

• GROUP

group C4H4, and it was apparent that these carbon atoms must be attached to the carbon See also:

• ATOM (Gr. &rows, indivisible, from a- privative, and TE,aPfw, to cut)

atom which appears in the carboxyl group of piperonylic acid, for if they were directly attached to the See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring polycarhoxylic acids would result in oxidation . The above See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula for piperic acid was See also:

• CON

con-firmed by its See also:

• SYNTHESIS (Gr. a6vOeacs, from avvrcBivac, to put together)

synthesis by A . Ladenburg and M . Scholtz (Ber., 1894, 27, p . 2958) from piperonyl acrolein (the condensation product of piperonal and acetaldehyde) and acetic acid . The synthesis of piperine follows from the interaction of piperyl chloride (formed from piperic acid and See also:

• PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

phosphorus pentachloride) and piperidine (L . Riigheimer, Ber., 1882, 15, p .